PINEAPPLE 



favorable circumstances such a shed can be erected for 

 $450 per acre, but this is about the cheapest and lightest 

 form that will withstand the elements. 



Diseases and Insect £nemies. — {l) Heart rot; bitter 

 heart: The cause of this disease is not known, but it 

 seems to be more preyalent during a rainy season tlian 



PINGUICULA 



1345 



portion 



lie ap- 

 ied by 

 apple 

 •olved. 

 should 



during a dry one. It manifests itself by tlK 

 around the heart taking on a \v;\rfr-":ik.-.l !,|.| 

 This condition progresses out^M.i 111! ii" « 



pie is involved. It is not iit . . , 1 ,|, 



rotting, though this usually I'll I In 



becomes bitter, even before ir i~ .niii-li i 

 When this disease is present in a ticld tlie fnii 

 be marketed as soon as possible, that the apples may be 

 consumed before becoming badly affected. 



(2) Sanding: This disorder occurs iiTuiicdintely after 

 setting out, especially if a loni,' ^Ii > i" II -.rur, ;it this 

 tinif. It is i)roduced by sand Im n i! :i 1 ui ;ind fill- 



iiii; the bud of plants. Imin.ili :■ iiiiig out 



(lni|) into the bud a small haiuiiul ..i ,,.11.1, „ .-d meal, 

 (^r the same amount of a mixture ..1 1 |.,ul Kiuuud to- 

 bacco stems and 3 or 4 parts cotton-seed meal. This 

 soon forms a firm plug in the bud, keeping out sand but 

 not interfering with growth. Blood and bone, or blood, 

 bone and tankage, may also be used. 



(3) Spike; longleaf : This disease manifests itself by 

 the Ivs. failing to expand at the base, thus giving the 

 plant a contracted appearance. The outer portion of 

 the leaf spreads from the center of tlie plant, but usu- 

 ally fails to take on a broad, iln, I,. Mil.i .,|.|m:, ranee. 

 E.tperiments have proved thill 1' '^n Ih' [iro- 



duced by improper use of con !-.thiiii;;h 



the disease has occurred wli.i^ 1- Iiad been 



used. Abundant evidence is ai liai..! 1.. .~l„,w that the 

 disease is not due to an organic agent but rather to 

 untoward condition in the soil. Change the fertilizer, 

 avoiding aciil phosphate, kainit and cotton-seed meal in 

 large quantities, and give protection as by a Pineapple 

 shed (spike is a rare thing under sheds). 



(4) Blight; wilts: This disease occurs in a sporadic 

 manner, usually without any apparent regularity. In 



he wilted phioi, uii.l -.-I in I.e.iliiij ..ii,,s. U il,e 1 

 re of valuable varieties trim olf all diseased root 

 iiuch of the stem, together with larger Ivs., and 



1812. Pineapple shed 



the 



It is probable that the fungus will not surv 

 roots ng.iin penetrate the soil. 



(.')) Red spider (S^ijma'Hs Floritlaniis, Banks): This 

 speiies attacks the tender white portion at the base of 

 the Ivs. The effect upon the plant is greatly out of pro- 

 portion to the small amount of injury to the parts 

 attacked. In later stages the Ivs. rot off at the place 



attacked. Drop a small handful of tobacco dust into 

 the bud of the plants. Subsequent rains and dews 

 leach the tobacco and carry the solution down to the red 

 spider. If they are not all dead in a week or ten days, 

 repeat the dose. 



(6) Scale insect {Diaspis bromeliea;}: This scale 

 insect becomes troublesome in dry localities and in 

 greenhouses. The insert iisiKilly Mttn.-ks the lower sur- 

 face of the leaf, but f:e-li [H.jiit .,1 rtn:irl; s)i(,\vs thr<nigh 

 as a yellow spilt ..n ih. ii|,|,.i ui|;m(. .Spray with 



whale-oil soap. 



(7)M,.il. l.u.-- /.,,, •„ ... .. ,n,. .,H,.r u-s): 



These in . ,,,,,:, , ; . .i„w 



the gn.ii, ^i :. , . ' . ,.;.! .. ,! •,, , ', .' :,::, lures 



they niiii- :• i, .- ■ !,,i.,,i ,:..■ — • , ;. :<ii<l in 



theev- .'■.■.,: r ,, . I ,, I - , Miie as 



for s.mI. I •/ !.■ I iki' the 



Pineapple culture is also discussed under Florida. 

 P. H. Rolfs. 

 PINEAPPLE AIR-PLANT. TiUandsiu ntricuUitu. 

 PINEAPPLE FLOWEB. Eiiromi.s piinelala. 

 PINE, DAMMAE. See Atjalhi.':. 

 PINE, KAUKI. Sec A.jathis. 

 PINE, MOKETON BAY. See Arauvariu. 

 PINE, NORFOLK ISLAND. See Arnucariu. 

 PINE, SCREW. See P,n„l,u,,,s. 



PINELLIA 

 of bar. 1- I - 

 tlapau. I 



: II' III I , . . .. , 'I liree spccie.s 



! , I- to China and 



I Ivs. 3or pedat- 



, -|i:ii ii- iii;iiri -rriit: fls. monoB- 



iiMii.-, luiil. lis. with 1 stamen; female lis. one-,sided: 

 ..virv I [•rll.-.l; ovule solitary, orthopterous. SeeEngler, 

 m DC. Jleu. I'han. 2:565. 



tuberiiera, Ten. Adult Ivs. 3-cut, the middle segment 

 lX-2 times longer and wider. China. — There is a variety 

 with narrower leaf-segments and another with Ivs. cut 

 into 5 segments. 



PINEY. Old-fashioned name of Peony. 



PINGUlCULA (diminutive of Latin pinguis. fat; re- 

 ferring to the succulent and greasy foliage). Lentibnl- 

 aridceie. Butterwort. About 30 species of small, 

 swamp-loving herbs of carnivorous habits with pretty 

 long-spurred fls. something like a snapdragon. They 

 grow in tufts or rosettes with several scapes less than 

 a foot high, each bearing a solitary flower. The Ivs. 

 are more or less short, thick, succulent, and densely 

 covered with crystalline, glandular hairs, which give 

 the Ivs. their huftery feeling. Small insects are caught 



PiiiLTiiH (il:i- iii.ik. iliiiuty tlowernig plants in pots; 

 alth'tiiLTli ii:Ui\ I - "I ihu-iliern countries, they can scarcely 

 be consul. 1. i| li.uUy .^uli.jccts, as they require special 

 treatment. The eliuicest species are undoubtedly 

 P. liitea and P. caudata. P. Ititea, a native of our low 

 pine -barrens from N. C. to Fla. and La., is unique 

 in the genus by reason of its yellow fls., while P. 

 raiidata, with its rich purple fls., is the finest of all 

 those which range from violet and purple through rose 

 and lilac to whitish. The charm of P. caudata, aside 



