PINUS 



erayish brown, dull, about 3 in. long. S. E. Ku. Probably hardy 

 north.— P. Mai/riana, Sudw.— P. latifolia. — P. macrophylla, 

 Uiidl., not C!irr. = P. Muntezumie -T. ilu„te:uma: Lamb. (P. 



Lhi'll'^Ii'llJ''. -,,■,•"' "ti...' ./i''~'i'Vi''mm'| m.',v :,l "'l "l " P. Tor- 



K.-'hi' (P 



PIQUEKIA 



1357 



motely and minuti-ly serrulate or almost entire, slender, 2%-i 

 in. Ions: cones .'H.t in. long, with reflexed knobs. Ariz. S.S. 

 li:.'>n. .MS. Alfred Rehder. 



PIPER (the Hii.'irnt Latin name). Piperitcem. Pepper. 

 A v;,vt -.iiiis I i,i-Ml.:ibIy 600-700 species) of both the Old 

 and .\\\v Wniid-. mostly in the tropics, a few of which 

 lire ill i;ultiv:itiori in this country as greenhouse foliage 

 plants. In choic' collections one is likely to find several 

 other species, but as they seldom fruit it is very difficult 

 to determine their species. In the following list appear 

 all the nami-< tli^ii .ii-,-iir in the American trade. Piper 

 is an i-xceediii-l . liHiiili l'.mius to the systematist be- 

 cansi- of til- J .f species, the variation of 



folia-e in 11m I , .1 different epochs, the diffl- 



oulty of iiKih-iiiiij -, ..,^ of the same species, the 



imperfect siMiimins m iii-rbaria, and the scarcity of 

 (;ood studies of tlie plants in the wild. In nearly all 

 cases. Pipers aredia-cious. The flowers are very minute, 

 and are borne lieneath decurrent bracts in slender, 

 erei-i iii- lir.i.ipiiiL', .-ivillnrv spikes: perianth none; sta- 

 inrii- ■i-i.i!', I 1 ..,,11', 1 !...-tjl. , I. « nil a solitary erect 

 oviil i ', ,. .; -liupe or berry. The 



le;iv '! ■' ; ,: I'i :l . mtire. Pipers are 



inii-iiN -iiiiii.ri..' -I, 111:.-, I.', I ...III.- lire trees and some 

 herbs. Tlie Pepper of e.miinen-e is the product of P. 

 iiirinim. For Hed Pepper and Chile Pepper, see Capsi- 

 rnm and Pepper, 



Pipers are easy of cultivation. Most of those known 

 in our houses require a warm-house temperature and a 

 linniid atmosphere. Easily multiplied by cuttings of 

 the rtnn wood. They are grown for the decorative value 

 <ti their drooping or bushy sprays. 



.\. Plaut ereel and bushy. 



excSlsum, Forst. Glabrous shrub, reaching 20 ft. in 

 some of its native plaees: ■ ■ 



ovate, stalki'd -l!..rt--,..iimji 



sliort-pediiii. . 



rdateorbicular to 

 from the 

 ..r in2's, 

 L' and the 



AA. Plant climbing, or drooping when not given sup- 



port. 



B. Lvs. ovale-lanceolate, deciduous. 



Futokadsiira, Sieb. Japanese Pepper. Clinging 



closely to walls by its aerial roots: lvs. ovate-lanceolate 



and acuminate, cordate at base, glabrous: tis. greenish: 



berries red. .lapan. — Handsome plaut. standing con- 



BB. IfVS. broadly ovate or roundish, evergreen. 



nlgrram, Linn. Black Pepper. Plant woody below; 

 stem strong, terete, emittiii._- y,,,,*-, t-ill rlimliinLr. gla- 

 brous: lvs. thickish, stidl. I i.i..,.|i ,,y .|, ,.i.i,,,,i^' or 

 nearly orbicular, the bus. I . , i i i.lique, 



5-9-nerved above the b:i . ■. ; lis, 



sometimes polygamous im n 

 bose, red. Old World tr..| 

 in warm countries. B.M, I i i 



hothouses, particularly III I 



plants. In the wild it i- II i i , luotiiif; at the 



nodes, sometimes reaeinn: i' ' : i.i Tli. dried 



berries, which are coUeei. .. k and 



wrinkled, and constitute 1 1: I i mierce. 



When the outer skin is i. .i n n. nini. the 



product is White Pepper. 1 he . .-luinetv i.ii I'epper 

 comes mostly from the easturu tropics. 



ornitum, N. E. Br. Climbing, 10-15 ft. tall, glabrous, 

 rooting at nodes: lvs. glabrous "and directed to one 

 side;" petioles slender ami iienrly ter<tf. the l.lnde pel- 



I..I1. Ir. glo- 

 lely dispersed 

 iidly grown in 

 IS of economic 



PIPSISSEWA. 



Chimaphila. 



PIPTADfiNIA (Greek, falling glnnd ; referring to 

 the anther). Leguminosa. About 45 species of shrubs 

 or trees, with or without prickles: lvs. bipinnate: pe- 

 duncles axillary, solitary or clustered: fls. small, white, 

 sessile, in cylindrical spikes or globose heads; petals 

 usually connate to the middle, valvate ; stamens 10, 

 free: pod straight or curved, flat, 2-valved ; valves en- 

 tire, not septate within. 



Cebfl, Griseb., from the Argentine Republic, is a fast- 

 growing unarmed tree, attaining GO ft., int. bv Fran- 

 cesehi, Santa Barbara, Calif., for its economic interest. 

 It is valued in its native land, for tan bark. Pinnae 12- 

 16-paired ; Ifts. 24-40-paired : fls. white, in globose 

 heads about H in. in diam. including the stamens: pe- 

 duncles %-\ in. long: corolla funnel-shaped, 1% lines 

 long; stamens 10, distinct, long-exserted: pod 0-8 in. 

 long, 8-10 lines wide, straight but sinuate between the 

 ««e^^- J. B. S. Norton. 



PlftUfiRlA (A. Piquerio, Spanish botanist of eigli- 

 tec-nth century). Compdsitve. Under the name of S(ei'ia 

 s, rrritii or S. serratifolia, florists grow Fiqueria tri- 

 nervia, Cav. (Fig. 183.S), for its small white fragrant 

 flowers and for bedding. It resembles a small Eupa- 

 torium in foliage and flowers. The small beads are 

 borne in small panicled corymbs, each cluster terminat- 

 ing a slender axillary branch or peduncle. The leaves 

 are opposite, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, serrate- 

 dentate, very short-stalked. There is a dwarf, compact 

 form (var. nina, Hort.), and also one with broadly 



