1402 



POMOLOGY 



is nov 



Thinning is usually performed verj- early in the season, 

 before the vitality of the tree has been taxed . 



6. Spraying of fruit plantations has now come to be a 

 definite ideal. Within the last ten years it has come to 

 1 established orchard practice; no good orchardist 

 w without his spraying apparatus any more than 

 lie is without his tillage tools. When spraying was first 

 advised, the practice seemed to be so revolutionary that 

 great emphasis had to be laid on its importance in order 

 to induce people to undertake it; therefore it may have 

 been emphasized more than its importance justified. 

 This, however, is necessary with all new enterprises. 

 How and when to spray and what materials to use are 

 matters that will always be discussed, because the prac- 

 tices must vary with the season, the kind of fruit, the 

 geographical region, the insects and fungi to be com- 

 bated. Spraying may not be necessary every year, and 

 certainly not equally necessary in all geographical 

 regions; but the fact that spraying is necessary as a 

 general orchard practice is now completely established 

 Fig. 1898. See SpniDin,/. 



7. Perhaps the most gratifying modern development 

 in our pomology is the demand for instruction in funda- 

 menlal principles. Years ago, the pomologist was satis- 

 fled if he had definite directions as to how to perform 

 certain labor. He was told what to do. At the present 

 time, the pomologist wants to be told what to think. 

 There seems to be a tendency in horticultural meetings 

 to drop the discussion of the mere details of practice 

 and to give increasingly more attention to the funda- 

 mental reasons and the results that are to be expected 

 from any line of practice. Knowing why a thing should 

 be done and what the results are likely to be, the 

 pomologist can work out the details for himself, for 

 every fruit plantation and every farm is a law unto 

 Itself. 



SVSTKMATM- P..M,.,..ov -TIl — l-, 



vari( 



the most cure 

 and to assem 

 derthat simi 

 be possible to deter 

 Necessarily 



.M.Ho.iv - I iM- '■i-,,.,,fv,ngand describ- 



"' 'III- I- ' ! ■' I ' kind of pomolo- 



, whoare forthe 



' - I' ' I ' I I'll in numbers of 



111- s iii.iiraxiNL'ij iiiuir important that 

 iitlcntiiin 111' yiveii to describing them 

 g them into their natural groups in or- 

 ''■■•ds may be compared and that it may 



mine the name by analyzing the spe- 

 ■■" "'"siticatory schemes for > 



ties are very imperfect since the varieties often differ 

 by very slight characters, and these characters may 

 vary in different regions and under varying conditions. 

 Theoretically the most perfect classification is one 

 that considers characters of flowers as well as of 

 fruits, but such schemes are usually impracticable be- 



The follov 

 fyiug peacln 



OlilS. i , 



IKLTERS. 



if-culored. 



I rated, without glands. 



I mile, with globose glaiuls. 



Iiorter than the trans- 



Urder II, Jrrci/tdar. 

 Section 1. Sweet, 



I'he latter. The ends 

 truncated, when the 

 'bular-oblate. 



Orders, s. 

 Robert Ih 

 ial,"5th v,\. 

 A, The ],;,i 



tions as above. 



ho stalk to the base of 



1m' Stalk to the base of 



'• biise of the stalk of 

 Hill lateral diameter. 

 'tie stalk to the base 

 'i.i.ie of the cells to the 



Section 2. Length from tho 

 the ba.se of the eye less than i 



of tiK 





The small gilt fruit package -Scene 



cause f ruit-growf 

 the same time. 1 

 the reailer mav c 

 the following" eN 

 range and metho 



lit manuals but 

 nil thing of the 

 pioblem 



A stable and attractive systematic pomology 

 must give careful attention to the names of va- 

 rieties. In North America much has been done, 

 particularly under the auspices of the Ameri- 

 nn can Pomological Society, to simplify and cod- 



ify the ideas associated with the nomencla- 

 liiieof fruits. The latest set of rules for the naming 

 "f hoiticultural varieties is that proposed by the Cor- 

 nell Hoiticulturists' Lazy Club, and first published in 

 American Gardening Oct. 1.5, 1898 {see also Waugh's 

 pamphlet on "Horticultural Nomenclature") : 



