1444 



PRUNING 



best results will be secured, since the new growths will 

 then develop flower-buds for the year following. It may 

 be advisable, however, to prune such plants in win- 

 ter for the purpose of thinning them, thereby allowing 

 the flower-buds which remain to produce larger bloom. 



1970. Apple tree trained i 





In most ornamental plants, however, it is the number 

 of flowers ratlu^r tliau tlit' size of each which is desired. 

 Plants that 1. 1. .,,1,1 l;,t,' ill iIh- s,'i,s,.ii. like hydrangea 

 and most ^|.e,-ii>, ,,r ,l.i,,,ii ;s. m:,!.,' 111,!,- tl,>wer-buds 

 on shoots whi.Oi :,ii-,' ih.'it \,iv ^,;-mii. With such 



of stn,!,!;' «li,i..K 111 til, spring. These shoots will bear 

 that xiiiHiii, r. I.i-is ,,( plants in thes 



cause of the uxp, 

 necessary to perl 

 cheap, and room 

 velopment of mos 

 plants must be i; 

 may be necessar\ 

 buildings, oronti 



I each of these 

 s can scarcely 

 "iM literature 

 ■ ' i ■an litera- 



traming 



PJttUNING 



in the methods of training and prv 



three classes, and the methods an- 



be well elucidated in writing. 'I'll, 



is replete with instructions. In , 



ture, the fullest account is t,, I,, 



Boolt." In order that trees nm 



espaliers and cordons, it is n, ■ 



be begun in the nursery. '11 1, ' 



grow plants which are traineil i . ^, but the 



American nurseries do not. 1 1 American 



is to train trees in any of thes,- i,., mil -Imp, - . he should 



secure specimens that are not in,, re than ,iiie year from 



the bud or graft, and begin the training himself. The 



illustrations (Pigs. 1969-71) suggest some of the special 



methods of training fruit trees. 



When to Prtme.-It will be >.'l.:,ii,al fn.iii th,- al„,ve 

 remarks that the time of pi-nnini; ,i, p, ii,U ,,ii many 

 circumstances, and chiefly on th, i, sidi whni, it i^ ,1,'- 



sired to reach. So far as the htalm- ,,1 i h, \\,,iii,,l is , - 



cerned, it is ustially best t,, ],nii,,' \-, l,,i, ih, \ , ■-, im i, ,. 

 activities begin in s],riiiir s, iii,i tp, m,,,,i,,i is ,pn, kly 

 covered or "headed." 1 , i il , pm p,,s, ,,| , h, , k ii,_ .i ,.\m ii 

 and producing other , I, hnii, i,-nli-. ii m.n l„ n, ,as- 



rule, howevei, th, l„ 

 and early sjiriii^', win 

 rush of spnim \\,,ik 



The wound made h 

 of a callus which foi 

 the bark and wood 



t,i prune is in late winter 

 can be had and before the 

 1. The colder and drier the 



,111111111.' shi.nld he delayed. 



,11,1 1, I , 1- l,\ means 



I, between 



I mils over 



old \\,„iil Its, II takes no 

 m tact, It dies. When the 

 ■ood is merely covered and 



in.iu 



■ith 



coxer. There is no ill, ssii L' th ,1 will l,,,st, n the heal- 

 ing process except as it k, , i - ili, w,,, ,1 1 1 ,,11, ,1, cay. In 

 other words, the wh,, I, ,,l,|, , i ,,l di , ss,ii__ ,«inindisto 

 protect it. The dressing piiMiits hi, t, n.i and fungi 

 from securing a foothold and thereby prevents the rot. 

 Wounds that are exposed for some years nearly always 

 become unsound at the center because of the intrusion 

 of these organisms, and even if the wounds should sub- 

 sequently heal over.tlie iiilectinii itia\ still extend down 

 the heart of the tree an, I tinallN , a,,~,- lis ,1, ath. The 

 best covering for a \v,.iii,,l is ,'ii' il,ai i,r,ii,,-ts it best 

 from microbes .and fiini^i an, I wlmk ],,i-is!s the long- 

 est. Ordinarily, good while ha, I paint, applnd heavily 

 and renewed occasionally, is th,- l„-i pi ,,!,■,■ I i,>n. Graft- 

 ing wax may afford a good iir,,i, ,i il it is applied 



hot so that it soaks into the iissu, . ir ,i is merely 

 spread over the stirface, it siion hlisters and becomes 

 loose and affords relatively little protection. 



N.- 



-••■-■ ..: 'V'-DF^J^ 



1971. Pear trees trained on a wall. 

 „ ..ru v,u^ri the wall is covered, the tree is never allowed to in- 

 e plant that is crease in surface area. Tt is cut back to spurs each year, much as 

 II any variations grape-vines may be treated. 



