PYROLA 



inosa, (iruy, with pink 



■Sioiis, ami as far south as Ga., N 

 ar. asariSolia, Hook., with purple 

 L'y-shaped to ovate-orbicular Ivs., < 



colored fls. and subcor- 



ex. and Calif, 

 nd round kid- 

 northward. 

 '. Wheeler. 



PYRUS 1469 



ity like an apple, the flesh bearing grit cells; styles 

 usually tree or uot united at the base. (Nos. 1-5.) 



Of these plants there are perhaps 15 to 20 species, 

 natives to south-central Europe and Asia, with the 

 greatest expansion in the Grecian-Asia-Mi 



FYBOLA, One-flowered. Moneses grandiflora. 



P'tEUS (Latin name of peartred. Sometimes s 

 ■';™,«. BosilcecB. Pome Fkiit-', I'l v. r i,.u 



icrfect, regular, in spring: i ■' ■'■ ' 



ached to the carpels and film 1 1 



i-ith them becoming fleshy mi i- 



heterophijlla and ra 

 species are cultiva 

 ornament. Apples 

 The species are nm 



hriibs, with alternati 

 species but 



111 are hardy in the northern states, 

 ulture. The pear-like species may 

 stocks, and the apple-like species on 



.iect of dispute, although most botanists now agree 

 considering it to be a hollowtorus (receptacle) in which 

 tlie ovary is imbedded. Fig. 2019 illustrates the theo- 

 retical structure. The ovary is at 6, wholly inclosed in 



Thee 



the fleshy torus a. Most of the edible part of the Apple 

 or Pear, therefore, is considered to be torus, whereas 

 the core is ovary. This ovary is of five carpels or cells, 

 as shown in the cross-section. Fig. 2nL'n. It was formerly 

 heUl that the edible part is largciv calvx-lubc', but vari- 

 ous morphological considerations iiave iii.-Iin.d sin.lnits 

 to regard it as stem rather tlian <';ih \ i Mh -r :]:■ -> 

 reasons is the fact that Apples soiu- i i . r > . , ' 



which is commonly I'lii II. . i.i i, 



There are the wi.ii si Um. i. m . .. ..i 

 opinion as to the generic limits of this 

 group of plants. What is regarded by 

 Bentham & Hooker as one genus is re- 

 garded by others as 10 or 12 genera (see, 

 for exaniple, E. Kochne, "Die Gattung 

 iler Poraaceen." Wissensch. Beil. zum 

 Program des Palk-Realgynmasiums, Ber- 

 lin, 1890). In the present work, some of 

 these species (the quinces) are set off 

 as Cydonia, the medlar as Mespilii.i, 

 and the motmtain ashes, cliokeberries 

 and their kin as Sorbtis. This rcstri.'ts 

 Pyrus to the pear-like and apple-like 



0. Section of a pome (apple). 

 Showing the interior or ovary part and the 

 or torus part. 



region. Of this particular region. Bossier (Flora 

 Orientalis) reduces the species to eight, P. communis, 

 P. cordafa, P. amygdaliformis, P. eloiagrifolia, P. 

 saUcifolia, P. St/riae.a, P. Boveana, P. glabra. Some 

 of these have fruits of comestible value, and it is not 

 impossible that they may be worthy of amelioration. 

 The best horticultural account of the species of Pears, 

 with particular reference to their pomological values, 

 will be found in vol. 1 of Dccaisne's "Le Jardin 

 Fruitier du Museum," where superb plates are given. 

 2. Apples (J/«7j(s).— Fruit with a sunken base or 

 "cavity," the flesh without grit cells; styles more 

 or less united below (Nos. C,-!!!). 



■riiriv Mri- i.r.ili:il.lv 'JD L-ii.i.i s|..-.Mrs uf thissub- 



„.,r- ' />. ,)/i(/;(.s. is |,nil,;ilili ■inili-riiiiii- in si.iu luvestern 

 Asia. Ill Sliiiri:i, ( 'hiiia anil .laliaii. SI vcral spe- 

 cirs an- native, of which the best known are the 

 siiiiiiith irnnviiig Crab trees with small fruits that 

 sliiil tli.ir calices. In North America is another 

 s,-t, r.-pres,-,iti-.l by the Garland Ci-ab, P. coro- 

 niiri a of the East, tlir yiin.u 1. um .1 Crab, P. 

 aH(/HS^ifo(ia of thr Si.iul . ■ -i. !i ■'- States 

 CTah, P. loeiisix. ami lip ■' i tab, P. 



fttsca. It is dilli.-iili i- i.:,., _ :,,,i acters to 



separate the small Iruiii il Aii|..i.-.. ijaiticularly 

 the Asiatic forms. Carrieiu attempted to solve 

 thedifficulty {Potiimiersmicrocarpes,Pfk,Tia, 1883) 

 by referring them all to one polymorphous species- 

 group. Mains mi'/v. .11 /■/;.(. Althmigli V 



are very closi-ly !■■ :;im il i>..i iillv . iIh- 



tinctions with n. i i n i ili 



hybridize. M.n |,. , . . ; ,, i . , j 



torus part at o ^Pf'^^ 

 and the ovary 

 part at b. 



Pears. — I Purophorum). Fruit either 

 with a conical base or possessing a cav- 



though the graftage-rela 

 not coincident with the ( 

 flcation-relation. It is usually 



impossible to graft the pear - species on the apple- 

 species with any degree of success; yet pears thrive on 

 quinces and also on hawthorns, which are well marked 

 genera. 



