



ABIES 



2. NordmanniAna, Spach. Fig. 2, c Tree 100-150 ft.: 

 trunk 4-G ft. in diaiu. : Ivs. flat, crowded, dark green and 

 Tery lustrous above, silvery white below: cones oblong- 

 cylindrical or ellipsoidal, dark orange-brown,4-(> in. long; 

 bracts as long as or slightly longer than their scales. 

 Mountains south and southeast of the Black Sea, and west- 

 ern spurs of the Caucasus. B.M. 6992. Gng. 6:51. -Very 

 hardy; one of the most desirable flrs in northern states. 



3. Cilicica, Carri^re. Tree 45-60 ft. : trunk 2-3 ft. in 

 diam. : Ivs. narrow, flat, dark t;ietn above, silvery white 

 below: cones stout, cyliu'li i il. 'in -< i'i.',]i. :-ii in. 

 long; bracts rather short, r ,i liii;h 

 elevations on the Anti-TiuM I, . '<i • i , i i .n the 

 Lebanon. A. G. 16: 255. lin-. I:ii: I-liu- t. kiow 

 early in the spring and is olion injured iiy lute trusts; 

 hardy and desirable in the uorthern 



4. amibilis, Forb. White Fir. Treel00-150ft trunk 

 4-6 ft. in diam.: Ivs. crowiled, dark green an 1 \ i\ his 



trous above, silvery wliit. I. L.w, .lOrn, 1 t nil 



tiferous on the npi" 1- Mirl . ■ ■■ , ' ' i, ) ur 



pIe,3}^-6in.lonK; hnnl.,,:: Is 



Cascade Mountiiins ..I \\,i l,,;, _;.<!, ,,i,l i nd 



Coast Ranges from Vani-uimr i.-l.iiiil iw Ui „ i - (,)no 

 of the handsomest of the genus, often formiu^ gropes 

 at high elevations ; in cultivation grows slowly, and is not 

 very satisfactory. 



DD. Cones usually under 4 in. long 



5. Sibirioa, Ledeb. (.1. Picftte, Forbes). 

 Tree 60-100 ft.: trunk 2-4 ft ■ " 

 crowded, dark yellow-greeu: cones cylin- 

 drical, slender, brownish yellow, 2^-3 in. 

 long ; bracts much shorter than their scales 

 Northern and eastern Russia t- '■' — ' 

 schatka and Mongolia, gregarious 

 on the Altai Mountains. - Very 

 hardy, the early growth often 

 injured by late frosts 

 soon becomes thin 

 and loose in habit. 



Mill. 

 Balsam Fir. Fig.2,ft. 

 Tree 50-80 ft. : trunk 

 17-30 in. in d 

 dark green 



above, pale 

 below, rounded or 

 obtusely short- 

 pointed and occa- 

 sionally eniargi- 

 ,acute or acu- 

 minate on fert 

 branches : cones 

 *^5^ - ^ oblong, cylindri- 



cal, purple, 2J^-4 

 2. Abies or Fir. j,, long; bracts 



a. A. grandis ; b. A. Imlsamea : r. A. shorter or rarely 

 Picea; d. A.concolor; c. A. Nord- slightly longer 

 manmana; /. A. magniflca. f^^^ tj^gj^ scales. 



Eastern North 

 Americtv fr"ni T,n)>r:i.lf.r fin.l tl..- villf-v ..f (hp Athalvisoa 



to Iowa :m"I I' I - "<' \ II- ■1,1 1 -I . S. S. l'_';lllll. 



G.C. III. !- i ^ - I ■-■ ' 'i-.lly "-e,l fni- 



lumber; < " ■ ! - il -i i - - i -'" : I ir. i-* .iLlann-il 



from liarl-, ; m i-uH . l-i- -■- M - l"-;H,i^ .-.irl\ . 



Var. Hudsdnia, Eugulm. (.1. UtttU6nica, Hort.), is a 

 dwarf form. 



7. Friaeri, Pnir. She Balsam. Tree 30-50 or even 70 

 ft.: trunk reaehin;' '_" : ft. in diam.: Ivs. flat, obtusely 

 sbort-iMiii.i. il, iM ii il at the base so as to appear to be 

 crowde.l - I I iile of the branches, dark green 



andlustr- I nu'ovate or nearly oval, rounded 



atthe sli^,liil\ iiiii n- - r ai>ex, 2J^ in.Iongand 1 in. thick, 

 the scales dark purple, twice as wide as long and at matu- 

 rity nearly half covered by palereflexed bracts or points. 

 Mountains of Va., Tenn., and N. C. S. S. 12: 609.-Too 

 much like the balsam fir to he prized as an ornamental 



ABIES 



tree. Trees sold under this name arenearly always forms 

 of A, baUanuit. 



8. grindis, Liudl. ( i -., - , aih.-,- , ,i.a r,,r),, - if 



Coi-tJonidna, Carr. I. I i , i . , _ -- , - i- , i , , in- 



4 ft. in diam. : Ivs. thill ! . ly 



dark green above an.i -li-. > i-y v, ur-- l- ;-. ail- : .-.-n, -, , y- 

 lindrical, 2-i in. lon^'. rounded or retuse at the apex, the 

 broad scales somewhat squarrose and irregularly serrate 

 and furnished with a short point. Coast of northern Cali- 

 fornia to Vancouver Island and to the western slopes of 

 the Rocky Mountains of Montana. S.S.]2:612. Gn.38, 

 p. 291. R.H.1894, p. 274. —Occasional specimens are seen 

 in parks and choice grounds, but 

 it rarely thrives in eastern states. . 



cc. Foliage jiale hhu . -. ^ 



qlaucons 

 9 c6ncolor, 

 LindliGoK 

 {A Lou I n 



tt m diam.: 

 I\ s elongated, 

 t iiiitiftrous on the upper 

 surt i( e on fertile branches 

 oftin falcate and thickened 

 and keeled above 

 II n d u k purple oi bright 

 II 1 ng bracts shor- 

 ts orth 

 Am 11 I il 1 n Oregon to Lower 



Cahf HI i 1 I tih southern Colo- 



rido Nt» Me\ \uz ind Sonora 

 U 613 G C III 8 748,749 -Of all hr trees best with- 

 st tnds heat and drought very hardj , grows rapidly, 

 an 1 the most desirable of the genus in the eastern states. 

 BB. Leaf pointed, especially on main shoots, 

 and usually rigid. 



10. VMtchii, Lindl. (A. nephrilepis, Maxim.). Tree 

 80-100 ft.: trunk 3-4 ft. in diam.: branchlets slender, 

 pubescent: Ivs. crowded, dark green and lustrous above, 

 silvery white below : cones cylindrical, slender, dark 

 purple, 2-2^2 in. long ; bracts shorter than their scales. 

 Mt. Fuji-san, Japan ; gregarious and forming great for- 

 ests, coast of Manchuria. — Very hardy in the northern 

 states, and in a young state one of the most beautiful 

 of fir trees. 



11. liom61epis,Sieb.& Zucc.(,4. hmcltyphyUn .^'(a-s.y-m.). 

 Tree 80-100 ft. : trunk 6 ft. in dirmi- ^^\<]-.^■r i.r^m -1m- leng 



and vigorous, ultimately form i I i-, ! ..,,..,! i,,;.!,,,! 



head: Ivs. elongated, sharpiiiii' ry 



lustrous above, silvery while i . i al, 



stout, dark purple, 3-3)^ in. Inn-; l-ran. ihm I, linih-r 

 tliaii tle-ir scales. Mountains of central .Tapan, singly or 

 ill small -roves. B.M.7114. — Very hardy, and in its young 

 siair mie nf the most desirable of the fir trees for the 

 iM.i-iliei-n states. 



12. CephaWnica, Loud. Tree 60-70 ft. : trunk 2-4 ft. in 

 diam.: Ivs. broad, rigid, sharp-pointed, standing out 

 from the branches at right angles: cones cylindrical, 

 slender, pointed, gray-brown, 5-6 in. long; bracts longer 

 or rarely shorter than their scales. Mt. Enos, on the Island 

 of Cephalonia. Gng. 6: 49.— Hardy as far N. as south- 

 ern New York. 



Var. Ap611iniB, Boiss. (A. Apdllinis, Link.), with nar- 

 row and blunter leaves, is remarkable in its power to pro- 

 duce vigorous shoots from adventitious buds. Mountains 

 of Greece and Roumelia, often gregarious: more hardy 

 than the type in the northern states. 



