ACHLYS 



ACHLTS (the goddess of obscurity). Berberid&eea. 

 Hardy herbaceous perennial. Fls. minute, numerous, 

 spieate, on a slender scape. 



triphylla, DC. Root-stock terminated by a strong-, 

 scaly winter-bud : Its. 1 or 2 ; leaflets 3, fan-shaped, 

 sinuate-dentate, 2%-s.o in.: scape 1 ft. long; spike 1 In. 

 long. Spring. W. N. Anier.— An interesting and deli- 

 cate plant. Int. 1881. 



ACHKAS. See Sapo.nUo. 



ACHYKANTHES. .^.e Inslnr. 



ACIDANTHfiEA (in.iiitr.l antli,-rs). Iridctcea. Ten- 

 der liiii.acr.ius |»r(iii[iaN, iiit.iiiii-diate between Gladio- 

 lus anil Ixia. Lvs. many, linear ensiform, 1-lMft. long: 

 spikes 3-6-flowered. simple, lax ; Us. long-tubed, some- 

 what pendulous : conns roundish, flattened, covered with 

 a matted fiber. — Prop, by seed or by the numerous conns. 



bicolor, Hochst. St. 15-18 in.: fls. creamy white, 

 blotched chocolate brown within, fragrant : corms 3^-1 

 in. in diam. Abyssinia. U.F. 1: 48G, 487. Gn. 47: lOU. 

 G.C. III. 20:393. Mu. 8: 11.- Requires a somewhat 

 stiffer soil than the tender species of Gladiolus. May be 

 grown in a tub outdoors during summer, and flowered 

 within during Oct. Several corms in a large pot give 

 good results. Corms should be dried as soon as lifted, 

 to prevent rot. 



A. wquinoctiaUs. Baker. St. 3-4 ft., stout, stiffly erect: lvs. 

 strongly ribbed: fls. white, blotched crimson or piirple within: 

 corms large. Sierra Leone. B.51. 7393. May be a stronger 

 growing and more tropical iiorm of the above. 



W. E. Endicott and W. M. 



ACINfiTA ( immovable, the lip being jointless). Orch i- 

 d&cece. Stout epiphytes with interesting pendent scapes. 

 Pseudobulbs conspicuously furrowed, slightly com- 

 pressed : leaf-blades smooth, conspicuously veined, 

 plaited and pliable : fls. globose. As a genus it is too 

 near to Peristeria and Stanhopea. The species are 

 rarely seen, as they are less conspicuous in their color- 

 ing than many orchids. They require a warm house and 

 plenty of moisture during the growing season, with a 

 decided rest, to make them flower. Use baskets, not pots, 

 as the flower-spikes are produced from the base of the 

 bulbs, as in Stanhopea, and should have free egress or 

 they will be lost. Cult, by E. O. Orpet. 



B&rkeri, Lindl. {Peristeria Bdrkeri, Batem.). Pseu- 

 dobulbs sub-conic, about 5 in. : leaf -blades longer than 

 in A. Huviboldtii: fls. 12 or more, in pendent racemes, 

 golden yellow spotted with brown. Mex. B.M. 4203. I.H. 

 2:44. Gn. 54, p. 332. P.M. 14:145. 



Hiimboldtii, Lindl. Pseudobulbs ovate, about 3 in.: 

 leaf -blades about 1 ft. long, lanceolate, acute: scapes 

 pendent, 2 ft. long ; fls. 6 or more, chocolate colored, 

 about 2 in. in diam. Ecuador, high elevations. Gn. 

 3:11. 



A.chrysAntha.lAnSi. Racemes pendent; fls. golden yellow, 

 with whitish labellnm and crimson or purplish column: label- 

 lum furnished with a long, blunt, papillose horn. Mex. — A. 

 densa, Lindl. (A. Warscewiczii, Klotzsch), Fls. subglobose, fra- 

 "" sh brown : label- 

 lEiea.— J^.Hnt- 

 bydna, Reichb. f . Fls. ivory white, in loose racemes ; lip spotted 

 purple.wlth erect side lobes. New Grenada. — A .^uicdfa, Reichb. f. 

 Similar to A. Humboldtii. Fls. yellow. Oakes Ames 



AC0KANTH£BA (mucronate anthers). ApocynAcea. 

 Tender shrubs, cult, in greenhouses North, and outdoors 

 in Fla. and Calif. Fls. with the odor of jasmine, lasting. 



specUbilis, G. Don. {Toxicophlaa spectdbilis, Bond. 

 T. Th^nbergii, Hort., not Harv.). Lvs. 3-5 in. long, 

 short petiolate, leathery, elliptic, acute, shining above: 

 fls. numerous, in dense axillary, branched, short cymes, 

 pure white, very sweet scented. Natal. B.M. 0359. R.H. 

 1879:270. G.P.6:185. G.C. 1872: 363.- Poisonous. The 

 plants cult, under this name are said by trade catalogues 

 to have pink or violet flowers. 



venenata, G. Don. {ToxicopMoia cestroides, DC. T. 

 Thimbergii.S&Tv., not Sort.). Fls. white or rose. Dif- 

 fers from the above in the well marked venation of the 

 leaves, its flowers a third smaller, its calyx not pubescent, 

 and its corolla-limb less widely spreading. 



ACONITE, WINTER. See Eranthls. 



ACONITUM 



19 



ACONtTUM. Jfanuncul&ceo'. Aconite. Monkshood. 

 Wolfsbane. A ijenus of hardy ornamental, perennial 

 herlis tuu Ii u-i <\ ill borders, etc. Many species are 

 plant. I I 1 1 1 gardens, but only nine have been 



mu^ li ' Ilea. The number of species varies 



frcDii I- ifferent botanists. Native in moun- 



tain I _ I I •]■•• tuiiijierate Asia, and five in N. 



Am. I ', I Ml I M. shaped, or thick fibrous: 



St. I i' ^ hug or trailing : lvs. pal- 



mati iii-lubed: fls. large, irregu- 



lar, -i I . -. _ I- ' II,, I n ^e upper sepal in shape of a 

 hood ur helmet; pet.ils :J-.">, small; stamens numerous; 

 carpels 3-.t, sessile. many-i)vuled, forming follicles when 

 ripened. The following species do well in any garden 

 soU, but rich preferred; they thrive in open sun, but 

 flowers last longer in shaded places. Aconites should 

 never be planted in or too near the kitchen garden or 

 the children's garden, as the roots and some of the 

 flowers have a deadly poison. Prop, easily by division. 

 Reichenbach Monographia Generis Aconiti, Leipsic, 

 1820, 2 vols., folio. Reichenbach lUustratio Specierum 

 Aconiti, Leipsic, 1822-7, folio. 



A. Hoots glnbutnr-tuberons. 

 B. Lvs. deeptt/ ctit, tmt not to the base. 



Fischeri, Reichb. {A. CoIkihI, i,hiinn, Nntt. A. Cali- 

 f6rnii-Hm, Sort. ). Stems 4-(ifr.: lvs. large, smooth, 3- 

 parted, attractive; segments miieli cut and divided: fls. 

 numerous, pale blue, jianieled. peilicels pubescent; hel- 

 mets hemispherico-i-onii-al. Autumn. N. Amer. and 

 Asia. Int. 1889. B.M. Tl.iO. 



Cammanim, Linn. (.1. (Ir.'orum, Reichb.). St. 3-4 ft.: 

 lvs. with short, liluntisli lolies: tls, purple nrbhie; pani- 

 cles or loose sjiik.-s fe\v-rt..\vere.l : helmet li.-mispheri- 

 cal. closed. July-S,.p(. Hini-;,ry. Int. Is.s'i. A . StorkiA- 

 tiiDii, Reichb.. is a ilwiirf f.iriii of tliis. wiili fewer flowers 

 and somewhat fibrous roots. 



uncinitum, Linn. Wild Monkshood. St. slender, 

 3-5 ft., inclined to climb: lvs. thick, deeply cut into 3-5 

 cut-toothed lobes : fls. loosely panicled, but crowded at 

 the apex ; blue, pubescent, 1 inch broad ; helmet erect, 

 nearly as broad as long, obtusely conical : follicles 3. 

 June-Sept. Low grounds of Pe'nn. S. and W., Japan. 

 Mn. 4 : 81. —Much planted now. 



BB. Irvs. divided to the base. 



varieg^tiuu, Linn. Erect, 1-G ft.: lvs. variously di- 

 vided into usually broad lobes and cut divisions ; lower 

 petioles long, others short or none: fls. in a loose pani- 

 cle or raceme, blue, varying to whitish, rather smooth; 

 helmet higher than wide, top curved forward ; visor 

 pointed, horizontal or ascending. July. Europe. A. 

 dlbum, Ait., is a pure white-flowered form of this, with 

 rather fibrous roots. * 



AA. Hoots long-tuberous. 

 B. Carpels usually 5. 



Japdnicum, Decne. St. erect, 3-4 ft., smooth : lvs. 

 dark green, shining, petioled; lobes 2-3 times cut, the 

 parts blunt and deeply toothed: fls. large, deep blue or 

 violet, tinged with red, on loose panicles with ascending 

 branches ; helmet conical ; beak abruptly pointed : fol- 

 licles 5. July-Sept. Japan. Int. 1889. R.H. 1851, p. 475. 

 Var. coerdleuB, Hort. Fls. very abundant ; panicles 

 shortened. 



BB. Carpels S or 4. 



Nap§Ilu3, Llnn.(^. TaHricum, Jacq. A. pyramidAle, 

 Mill.). True Monkshood. Officinal Aconite. Fig. 25. 

 The best known and most poisonous species, and used 

 in medicine. Sts. erect, 3-4 ft. : lvs. divided to the 

 base, and cleft 2-3 times into linear lobes: fls. blue, in a 

 raceme; peduncles erect, pubescent; helmet broad and 

 low, gaping, smoothish : fr. .'i-l-eelled. June-July. Gn. 

 12, p. 362. — Very many varieties, differing in shade of 

 flowers, often mottled or lined witli white. Var. ilbum 

 is nearly white. Var. bicolor and 

 used ui gardens for the large bl 

 Reichenbach has divided this species into 20-30 species. 

 AAA. Boots in the form of a scaly, elongated bulb, »» 

 somewhat fibrous. 

 B. Sepals deciduous. 



autvunnile, Reiehb. Autumn Aconite. Fig. 26. St, 

 3-5 ft.: lvs. pedately 5-lobed: fls. in a simple spike, be- 



