154 



BERBERIS 



cies cult, in England in Flore des Serres, 6: 66 and 73 

 (1850-1). 



Index : Amurensis, No. 2 ; Aquifolium, 21 ; aristata, 

 15 ; asperma, 1 ; atropurpurea, 1 ; Bealii, 19; buxifolia, 

 9; Canadensis, 4; Caroliniana, 4; Darwini, 12; dulcis, 

 1,9; emarginata, 3; Fortunei, 24; Fremonti, 17; iTnfco- 

 date, 2 ; heteropoda, 6 ; ilicifolia, 11, 14 ; integrifolia, 

 7 ; Jamesoni, 13, 16 ; Japonica, 2, 19 ; Maximowiczi, 8 ; 



Nepalensis, 20 : nervosa, 22 ; Neuberti, 14 ; pinnata, 

 18 ; pluriflora, 8 ; repens, 2S ; Sieboldi, 2, and siippl. 

 list ; Sinensis, 5 ; stenophylla, 10 ; Thunbergi, 8 ; vul- 

 garis, 1 ; Wallichiana, 13. 



A. Zvs. simple, ti.iuall;/ fasciculate in the axils of 



spines, deciduous or persistent. 



B. Foliage deeiduotis : Ivs. membranaceous or 



chartaceous. 



0. Fls. in racemes. 



D. Branches gray, except those of the purple-leaved 



1. vulgaris, Linn. Common Babberey. Fig. 225, 226. 

 From 4-8 ft., rarely 15: branches grooved, upright or 

 arching : Ivs. oblong-spathulate or obovate, setulose- 

 dentate, membranaceous, 1-2 in. long : racemes pendu- 

 lous, many-fld.; fls. bright yellow : fr. oblong, usually 

 purple. May, June. Eu. to E. Asia ; escaped from cul- 

 ture andnaturalized in E. N.Amer. Gn. 35: 693.— Hand- 

 some in spring, with its golden yellow fls. and light 

 green foliage; and in fall, with its bright scarlet fruits, 

 remaining through the whole winter. A very variable 

 species ; also the six following species are included by 

 some botanists as varieties. Of the many garden forms, 

 the most effective is var. atropurpdrea, Rgl., with pur- 

 ple colored Ivs. Gt. 9:278, 1. There are also varieties 

 with variegated Ivs. and purplish black,whitish or yellow 

 berries, as var. 41ba, white-fruited ; var. aBp^rma, seed- 

 less ; var. dulcis, less acid ; var. Idtea, yellow-fruited ; 

 var. mltis, less thorny ; var. nigra, black-fruited ; var. 

 violicea or fructn-vioUceo, violet-fruited. The spines 

 of the Barberry are, morphologically, Ivs., and the Ivs. 

 are borne on short branches in their axils (Fig. 226). 

 The stamens are sensitive. Touch the filaments with a 

 pin when the fls. first open, and the stamens fly for- 

 ward upon the pistil. 



2. Amurensis, Rupr. (B. vulgaris, var. Amitrinsis, 

 Rgl. ) . Three to 8 ft. : branches straight,upright, grooved : 

 Ivs. cuneate, oblong or elliptic, densely ciliate-dentate, 

 distinctly veined Vjeneath, 1-3 in. long: racemes upright 

 or nodding, 6-12-fld., about as long as Ivs.: fr. oblong, 

 scarlet. Slanchuria. N. China. Gug. 5: 119. Var. Ja- 

 pdnica, Rehd. («. r»/./.b(N, var. Jirpdnica, Rgl. ^.S/e- 

 6oM(, Hort., not M i.|. /•',//''/.'//.', Hort.). Lvs. firmer 



and more ch:irt: i- in ntly veined beneath, 



shorter petiolcil, il .vr. Jap. G.P. 3:249 as 



B. Sieboldi. A.ii. 1-: ri \ i-.irous-growing shrubs, 

 standing drought well. \v]th lirilliant orange and scarlet 

 fall-coloring, especially the variety. 



3. emarginata, Willd. One to 3 ft., in culture usually 

 higher : spines simple to 5-parted, sometimes longer 

 than the lvs. : lvs. cuneate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 

 setulose-dentate, }^-l%in. long: racemes short, up- 

 right; petals usually emarginate. S. Eu. to Himal.— 

 Low spiny shrub with handsome fall-coloring. 



DD. Branches reddish hr'ui-n or hmn-ii .- lvs. usiialln 

 sparsely denial,, s^.m, h „,, .- , iilire. 



4. Canadensis, Mill. (/;. r„r../.»;.)n„. L,.ud.). One to 

 3 ft.: spines small, 3-parli<l ; lvs. i-uueate-oblong, re- 



BERBERIS 



motely spinulose-dentate, rarely entire, 1-2 in. long : 

 racemes few-fld., nodding, about as long as the lvs.; 

 petals retuse or emarginate : fr. short-oval or nearly 

 globular, coral-red. AUeghanies. — The plant sold under 

 this name is usually B. vulgaris. 



:,. Sinensis, Dcsf. From 4-C ft., with slender, often 

 ar<-hin:^' litanrlics and small, 3-5-parted spines : lvs. cu- 

 iii-atr. ..Ill, MIL.' .T obovate-lanceolate, coarsely setulose- 

 dviiiatr. som.-f iijifs entire, green or glaucescent beneath, 

 1-2 III. lung : racemes pendulous, slender-peduncled, 

 bright or pale yellow : berries oval or oblong, blood-red. 

 From Caucasus to Himal. and China. B.M. 6573.— A 

 hardy, graceful species, very handsome in fruit. 



6. heteropoda, Schrenk. Three to 6 ft.: branches 

 stout, spreading, with few short spines : lvs. broadly 

 obovate, entire or remotely serrate, pals bluish green, 

 1^2-2 in. long, some short and some slender-petioled: 

 fls. in long-stalked, few-fld. racemes, orange-yellow, fra- 

 grant : fr. oblong, dark blue with glaucous bloom. May. 

 Turkestan, Songaria. G.F. 8: 455. -Handsome and 

 very distinct species. 



7. integerrima, Bnni.'p. 1 

 like No. «, and difli< m i i . . 



motely dentate or ■ i 

 cemes dense and u i > r i - 1 1 1 . 1 



nci appearance very 

 sh without fl.-clus- 

 hroad-obovate, re- 

 li green above : ra- 

 irkestan, Songoria. 



cc. Fls. 



few-fld. 



nbelsi 



8. Thilnbergii, DC. Figs. 227, 228. Dense, low shrub, 

 2-4 ft. : branches spreading, deeply grooved, brown, 

 with simple spines: lvs. obovate or spathulate, quite en- 

 tire, glaucescent beneath, ii-1% in. long : fls. 1-3, pale 

 yellow : fr. elliptic or nearly globose, bright red. Apr., 

 May. G.P. 2:53. B.M. 6640. R.H. 1894:173. A.G. 18:357. 

 Gng. 4: 241; 5:119, 353, 355. Mn.2:118. A.F. 8: 526.- 

 One of the most valuable species, especially remarkable 

 for its low, dense, horizontal growth, its large, brilliant 

 red f rs. , remaining fresh till the following spring, and for 

 its bright scarlet fall ' 

 oring ; hardy. Very 

 uable for borders of walks 

 and drives. Endures par- 

 tial shade. Cattle and 

 sheep do not browse 

 it much. Var. Haximd- 

 wiczi, Franch. 

 has the lvs. green beneath. 

 Var. plurifl6ra, Koehne, 

 with 3-10 fls. in short, um- 

 bel-like raceme, is perhajis 

 a hybrid with B. vulga- 

 ris ; it has almost gray 

 branches. 



226. Berberis vulgaris. 



Natural size, showing t 



spines and foliage. 



BB. Foliage evergreen or half -evergreen. 

 c. Lvs. entire, or rarely with few spiny teeth. 

 9. buxifdlia, I'f.ii-. i ll.>lHl,is. Sweet). One to 3 ft.: 

 rancln-. I.r.iwii. -icn.,! ; spines usually 3-parted, 

 liorl : lvs. ,1111. ai.. ..h.ivatc or elliptic, H-1 in. long : 

 s. solitary, en liuiu' pedicels, orange yellow : fr. nearly 



