216 



CALIFORNIA 



of Coast Range and Sierra, hardly as yet one-tenth oc- 

 cupied, comprise fully 25,000,000 acres; in timber and 

 fine grazing lands, capable of perpetual renewals, arc 

 12,000,000 acres; high mountains cover some 13.000,000 

 acres; arid lands, often yielding enormously under irri- 

 gation, or slowly coiiqutrcd l.y lu-utriiliziufr tliiir super- 

 abundant Mlkali, '"rnii', III.. .Ml li),niiii,(iiiii ;„ r, .. Over 

 these f;n ;.! :m . ; i nutain 



ment of t:alil..n 

 as its local clim; 

 divided into ti\ 

 high Sierras th. 

 to 44°: in the 1. 



the i>ar, li 



valleys - - ■ . 



f is from 30° 

 - to 52° ; near 

 II the central 

 i s from 00° to 



every jKiri ..I' i ';ilii-ni m -Imw- \. r\ ^li:ir|i horticultural 

 contrasts upon turnis n<it :i mili- apart. Local climate is 

 the key-note of California life. Placer county, for in- 

 stance, extends from the center of the Sacramento val- 

 ley east to the summit of the Sierras. It has upland 

 • Canadian valleys, pines and snow-blockades at one end; 

 groves of oranges and lemons in the Sierra foothills, and 

 rich alfalfa fields along the " bottoms " of the Sacramento 

 valley rivers. See Fig. 317. 



Statistics are apt to be dull reading, but the horticul- 

 ture of California can be shown only by some of its re- 

 sults in recent years. Let us glance at a few of the 

 records. Take the well-known industry of raisin-mak- 

 ing. In l.s?:;, 1211,000 pounds were procluced in Califor- 

 nia. P.v l.--:i| ilii- .r..[. Ii.'mI .u'imwii In lii:'.,li(in.nn(l p.iunds. 

 The inn , ' '. r.: .... i.( • ,.r fn ,1, IVniN, I.. Lrinninir late 



in till- ..... . . 1,N l-i| I.. i,.:,,'lx 1.-0,11(10,000 



pounds. I iii. .11 .'■.' hi]iiii. n' ^ ..f .Irir.l Innts rose 



between l.Sb4 ao.i i- '.. l'-..ni ni "nonjiiiii poiauis to 



150,000,000 pouh.i 

 years, the proMu- 

 2,000,000 to ovn , 

 years a noted Calii 

 1898, from 850,000 1 

 ' separate i 



Fig. 317. Horticultural regions of California. 



27,000,000 pounds. The wine-production of the state in 

 1897 was 34,500.000 gallons. The pack of canned fruit 

 in 1898 was 2,000,000 cases. In 1893, in a very careful 

 tabulation of the area planted to fruit -trees and vines, 



CALLIANDRA 



made by me for the Popular Science Monthly, I esti- 

 mated as follows: 



Kind Acreage 



Citrus and semi-tropic 95.000 



Deciduous fruits 200.000 



Nut-bearing trees a.i.OOD 



Grapes 191.933 



Small fruits o.OSl 



Total 517,014 



At the usual distances of planting, this would give 

 48,000,000 fruit trees and about 240,000,000 grape-vines. 

 Since 1893 nearly six years have passed, and yet the 

 acreage has not greatly gained. Some vineyards and 

 worn-out orchards have been destroyed. The area in 

 small fruits li:i^ tv :irlv f]r.nt.1( .1. 'I'fic ci'm-- and semi- 

 tropic frnit ' . ■ . ' ■■ :..'.;,, There 



have been -. . .. .■!... ..' _l,i r-aijifall. 



The indnMi; ; ■ ... , .. , ,,l,l,. during 



recent year-. A in ilij.u.l. ..i 1- -m- L...iu. liitui-al uccu- 





horticultural industries of the last 

 extensive growth of tree, flower and 

 ■nf-Howers. of vet;etabli-s and of dec- 



rease in iiumuer ami relative iniportanee. 



Charles '. 

 CALIFOENIA POPPY is Hschscholtzia. 



CALIFORNIA YELLOW BELLS is I 



CALlMERIS (Greek, hmntifiil arrangement). Com- 

 pdtiitte. A few Asian herbs, often united with Aster, Viut 

 horticulturally distinct, and differing from that genus 

 in the hemispherical involucre of few, nearly equal, 

 scarious-margined bracts, and broad, convex receptacle. 

 Akene flat and hairy. Hardy perennials of low .growth, 

 suited to tlie border in front of stronger plants. C. Ta- 

 taririi is ileseriiied in the genus Heteropappus. 



inclsa, DC. {Aster inciSHs, Fiseh. ). One to 2 ft., erect, 

 corjinbose at the summit: !\ s. l.m.' ..l:ii,., i. nioii iy in- 

 cise-dentate : scales of imi.ln.rr iv.l iiiai-inr.i : tN. 



large, purple-rayed or almost » liiti. .in.l \ . ll..-.\ i. i. ,i. 



—Of easy culture in any ix I ~oil. makiii.- :i .|i |.lay 



throughout July and Aug. The eoim -i -|i..ii-. 



Alt4ica, Nees [Aster AltMcus, \\'U]<I. i. I.ow.r. ].u- 

 bescent or hispid: Ivs. linear-Ianeeohttr ami ■niire: 

 scales of involucre pubescent and wliite iiiarf.'ini-.i : rays 

 narrow, blue. L. H. B. 



CALIPHEUBIA. See Calliphriiria. 



CALLA (ancientnarae, of obscure meaning). Ardidem. 

 A nionotyine genus, containing a native bog-plant with 

 a white spatlie. Herbs, with creeping rhizomes and 2- 

 ranked Ivs. Diftirs from (irontium in the parallel sec- 

 ondary and tertiary veins uf the leaf-blade. See Hich- 

 urdiii for r. .Kthiopiai, alhoiiHu-ntata, jmiottianu, and 

 711UIU. The Calla of florists, or Calla Lily, is Richardia. 



palustris, Linn. Fig. 318. Rhizome bearing many dis- 

 tichous Ivs. (me year, the next only 2 Ivs. and the pe- 

 duncle : petioles cylindrical, long-sheathed : blade cor- 

 date : spathe elliptical, or ovate-lanceolate, white. Eu., 

 N. Asia, and E. N. Amer. B. M. 1831. -An interesting 

 little perennial plant, useful for outdoor ponds. 



Jared G. Smith. 



CALLIANDBA (Greek, beautiful stamens). Legu- 

 miiif>s(e. Tropical American shrubs, distinguished from 

 Acacia by the presence of a thickened margin on the 

 pod. Lvs. bipinnate; Ifts. numerous: fls. usually borne 

 in globose heads ; corolla small, obscured by the nu- 

 merous, long, silky, purple or white stamens. Cult, in 

 S. Calif., and prop, by cuttings. 



