CALLUNA 



small shrub, well adapted for borders of evergreen 

 shrubberies, or for dry slopes and sandy banks and 

 preferring sunny positions ; it is also found growing 

 well in swamps and in partly shaded situations. Cut 

 branches keep their life-like appearance for many 

 months. Alfred Eehder. 



CAL0CH6ETUS (Greek for beautiful and grass). 

 LiliAcem. tribe Tulipew. West American cormous 

 plants, the occidental representatives of Tulipa. St. 

 usually branched, and from a coated corm, more or less 

 leafy: perianth of unequal segments, the outer ones the 

 smaller and more or less sepal-like, the 3 inner ones 

 large and showy and bearing glands and hairs ; stigmas 

 3, sessile and recurved ; stamens 6 ; fls. showy, shal- 

 low-cupped on the inner segments, arching. Nearly all 

 the species are in cult. Monogr. by J. G. Baker, Journ. 

 Linn. Soc. 14: 302-;ilO (1875); and by S. Watson, Proc. 

 Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. 14:262-208 (1879). See also 

 Colochorti in the Sierra Nevada, by George Hansen, 

 Erythea, 7: 13-15; A. Davidson, Erythea, 2: 1-2, 27-30. 



Calochortuses are natives of western North America. 

 One or two extend into British Amfricn. .iiid n few, be- 

 longing to a peculiar group, are f.mn.l in M.\irM ; the 

 remainder are natives of the Uniti-il Slat.-.. Iimhi Ne- 

 braska to the Pacific ocean. Whili- ili. i;. n^ rii i liai^c- 

 teristics are unmistakable, the spei-i(^ and ■ v. n varie- 

 ties have the most variable tastes as to soil, exposure 

 and climate. The Colorado desert and the summits of 

 the Sierra Nevada, the heavy clay lands of Califomian 

 valleys, the volcanic soils of the foothills and the mead- 

 ows of the Northwest, each has its own representa- 

 tives of this beautiful tribe. The character of the genus 

 can be treated better under the various groups. Nearly 

 every known species is in cultivation to some extent. 

 Some are readily grown, others present considerable 

 cultural diflicult'ies ; but while there are some which 

 will probably always be difticult to cultivate, there are 

 many species — and the number includes the very best— 

 which can be successfully grown by any one who is 

 willing to give a little special care to their culture; and 

 there are a few which possess such vigor and hardiness 

 as to be adapted to extensive cultivation. All Calo- 

 chortuses are hardy in the sense of withstanding ex- 

 treme cold, but they will not withstand alternate thaw- 

 ing and freezing nearly so well ; and thus we have the 

 paradox of their going safely through severe eastern or 

 European winters and suffering the loss of foliage in 

 mild ones. They should be planted in the fall, and it is 

 better to plant late, so that leaf growth is delayed until 

 spring. Diverse as are their natural habitats, one soil 

 will answer the needs of all. In my own experience, a 

 light loam, made lighter with sand or sawdust, powdered 

 charcoal, or spent tan-bark, is best. My very best re- 

 sults have been with a mixture of equal parts of a good 

 light loam aad spent tan-bark, with a little broken char- 

 coal. Wallace, one of the most successful English 

 growers, recommends making a bed sloping to the 

 south, composed of leaf-mold and road grit in equal 

 parts, with a smaller proportion of sharp sand. The 

 idea is a light, porous, not too stimulating soil, with 

 perfect drainage. Wallace rcrniiimrnrls covering the 

 beds with reeds to throw otf tin- Inavy rains. I accom- 

 plish the same end by such tliori.u-li ilrainage that the 

 rains pass through quickly. It is Intt.r to lift the 

 bulbs as soon as they ripen, and n_-ijlaut in the fall. 

 Water sparingly at all times. They take well to pot cul- 

 ture with similar soils and treatment. While not to be 

 forced rapidly, they considerably anticipate their out-of- 

 door season. The same treatment can be used in cold- 

 frame culture, but do not coddle them too much. Under 

 suitable conditions they are really very hardy and tena- 

 cious of life, but excessive moisture, either in air or 

 ground, is not to their liking after the flowering season 

 arrives. Theoretically, all Calochortuses of Section A 

 (Star Tulips) should have shade, and all Mariposas ( AA) 

 sunshine ; but I find that the light shade of the lath-house 

 suits all alike, giving much finer bloom in the Mariposas. 

 The flowering season extends over three months, accord- 

 ing to species. Cabl Puedy. 



Index: albus. No. 1 ; amoenus, 1, 6; apiculatus, 8 ; 

 atroviolaceus, 25 ; aureus, 22 ; Benthami, 4 ; caruleus. 



CALOCHORTUS 



219 



5; CatalinsB. 28; citrinus, 17,21; clavatus, 23; concolor, 

 21 ; elegans. : dexuMsus.2G ; Greenei, 14 ; Gunnisoni, 

 31; Howellii. 10 ; Kcnnrdyi, 20 ; Leichtlinii, 30 : lilaci- 

 nus, 10; Lulil.ii, i; ; ii.nu'ibarbatus, 15; luteus, 21^ 

 Lvallii, 6 ; inari,„ar|ius, :;l' ; Maweanus, 3 ; nanus, 6; 

 nitidus, 13 : nndi.-, U ; Nnttallii, 29 ; Obispoensis, 19 ; 



PlummerfP, Ls ; ' iinl'rln' Ihis', 2 ;' I'nnlvi. ',);' |,unaii-as.'a^is! 

 24; roseus, :;. I't : rul,..,-, LT. -. -an-um.ns. -1 ; -nlm- 



: ; Ve^ta, 24 ; Wecdii, 17. 



A. Star Tulips.— Blossom* or fruit more or less nod- 

 ding : inner perianth segments strongly arched. 



B. Fls. siibglobose, nodding .• st. usually tall and 



branching. Globe Tulips.— These have a single 

 long and narrow shining leaf from the base, and 

 slender, flexuous, leafy stems, the perfection of 

 grace in outline. The flowers are exquisite in deli- 

 cacy of tints. Woodland plants. 

 1. Albus, Dougl. Fig. 321. Strong, 1ft. high: fls. globu- 

 lar, pendent, 1 in. across, of a satiny texture, delicately 

 fringed with fiairs. Calif. B.R. 1661. F.S. 11: U71.- 

 Chaste and delicate. 



321 Calochortus albus 



Var. panicuiatus, Baker. Lower : Ivs. narrower, fls. 

 smaller. 



Var. amoenus, Hort. Like C. albus, but rosy colored. 

 Cent. Calif. 



2. pulch611us, Dougl. Similar, but fls. flatter, of pure 



yellow, the edges of petals with a line of stiff hairs : 



very handsome. Northwest Calif. B.B. 1662. 



BB. Fls. bell-shaped, erect when open, mostly lined 



with hiiirx, the prdii-el.t bevomiiir/ recurved: stem, 



musfhi /..'.■. ",../ .';-. "II. II m<n:' <n- l,ss luiilnllate. 



All of IIM' -|H , 



first m.dudi-d u 

 3. Maweinus, Leic 

 ally branched : fls. w 

 with silky hairs, the 

 circular scale : capsu 

 5976 as C. elegans 



■arh <itlu-r, and were 



iw (4-10 in.), usu- 

 I at the base, filled 

 d bv a broad semi- 

 ic. "Calif. N. B.M. 

 Var. major, Hort. Fig. 



aged 



i large in all its parts. Var. roseus, Hort. 



4. Benthami, Baker. Resembles C. pulchellus : sts. 

 low: Ivs. narrow: fls. nearly erect, yellow, the segments 

 % in. long and brown at the base. Sierra Nevadas, in 

 Calif. J.H. m.30:549. 



