CAMPANULA 



is the most variable feature of all, and in the scheme 

 below C. Carpatica and C. punctata especially will seem 

 wrongly placed to many. But the characters used by 

 De Candolle in vol. 7, part 2 of the Prodromus arc will- 

 nigh useless to the gardener, and nothing elsr- but a 

 distinction of height can bring out the two important 

 cultural groups of Campanulas, viz: Border or tall 

 kinds and rock garden or dwarf kinds The best gar 

 den monograph of C ampanulas is b j F W Me\ er, in 

 The (warden 48 294-299 (1895) See also The Gaiden 

 forJIa> n 1899 and 8 173-180(1875) 



The most popular of allCampimilis is the Canterbury 

 Bell (C Mtdnim and its \ai > iliiianthema) Of all 

 wild forms the best known IS rtiinh C >ntiin<liff>ha 

 thetnie Hiii) II r PI P II ts tl I ( >f tl,P 

 border kin 1 tl I' 



diiim L > t I 

 al,-. C I 



Ot the r 1 ^ 1 1 1 I 



are possil h ( C / y ( i I If ' 



foha The greatest n it i ' / I ( i 



instyla I Z i/^ii lu 1 ' ' / / ' \ i ' '/ ' 



ftoni For exhibitir u ii 1 1 i i t lit u ( / / / / s 



is most used Frr i en Unt ittects in lockem s baskets 

 or windi w boxes C fiijdis is best For edgings G 

 Cajpati a is perhaps tht fa^oiite For large, isolated 

 specimens, C pjramidal s the tallest species, is. best 

 F W Me\er s choice of varieties and classification 

 should be con ulted 1> allwlo ntend to 'mport Cam 

 panulas. England s pr 1 bly the mo t favored spot in 

 the world for the c It re f Bell flowers and the Eng 

 lish dealers offer the greate t var ety Unf rtunately 

 Campanula-cult ire s at a 1 w el 1 in A uer a to day 

 partly because the pla t ar le 1 ard h re an I also 

 because rock-gaidens and a ate r llect i are less 

 frequent than in England "\1 t 1 1 ( upan 



ulas, however are 1 lectl I f 



their natural teiTU of 1 fe I 1 



in the wild, but pract call 1 1 



each kind must be tud ell I 



specified, they are presumed 1 1 1/ 



diiim may be treated as a hard> a uual o 1 I 



as a tender annual or 1 enn al The general r 1 1 



Campanulas g ve the mo t and best Howers I 

 ond year, but C Me I can be sown mdoor 1} 



spring and set out later with the expectat on of t, t g 

 the best bloom the same year As a rule all 1 order 

 Campanulas that are propagat d by d s on should be 

 divided every year, or every > ears at most Mr C am 

 eron recommends several species which are not de- 

 scribed below, as they can be obtained only through 

 botanic gardens. W. M. 



The genus Campanula is a very important one, and 

 contains many showy and useful plants. Their cultiva- 

 tion is very easy, and most of the strong-growing kinds 

 can be grown in any rich, well-drained garden soil, 

 while the dwarf kinds can be grown in the rockery, and 

 many of them in the front row of the mixed border. 

 Propagation is done either by division, cuttings or seeds. 

 The genus can easily be divided into three groups- 

 annuals, biennials, and perennials. 



The annuals can be raised in the border bv sowing 

 the seeds hit.- in AjtII or J[;,v, ..r raiM-.l in tl..- :.'r.-.-n- 

 houseaii.l th.-n ti-al,-f.-rr, .1 to tli,- l,..nl,-r. ■j'h.- li, ~t .,f 

 the annuals a.-.- C. r„ „n.s,,-<i „,., an.l var. ..//../. (\ -/,-.,- 

 bifolul, V. A'riinix. ('. warrosl;,/,,. ai..l ('. A i,i, ,;.■„ „a . 



Of the biennials, many will dower the first season if 

 the seeds are sown early in spring in the greenhouse 

 and the plants put out-of-doors when the weather is 

 favorable. One of the most important is C. Medium 

 (Canterbury Bells), and its numerous varieties. Its 

 variety califcanthema is so named because the calyx has 

 broadened out into a saucer-shaped secondary flower, 

 which is very showy and interesting. Canterbury Bells 

 are generally raised from seeds, which can be sown in 

 April, May or later, in pots, boxes or beds, and can then 

 be transferred into some sheltered place where they can 

 be slightly protected during the winter, and then trans- 

 planted in spring to their permanent places into good, 

 rich .soil, where they will make a great show if they 

 have obtained the right treatment. A few other good 

 biennials are C. primuloBfolia, C. Sibirica, G. spicata, 

 and O, thursoides. 



CAMPANULA 227 



Of the perennial species, the best border plants are 

 tlje following: C. Cnrpatica and vars. alba and ticrbi- 

 ntitii ; ('. iih:mi rata . especially var. Dahurica ; C. lac- 

 liflara : ('. hit, fat, a. .-specially its vars. eriocarpa and 

 iiiarraatlia ,- ('. a<.iatis (about 2 ft. in height); G.per- 

 sii-ifalia and its numerous vars., especially the white 

 kinds ; C. punctata (about VA ft.); G. pyramidalis, a 

 very showy plant when well grown, but not quite relia- 

 ble in the eastern states as to hardiness ; makes a good 

 pot-plant for the cool greenhouse ; G. rapiincitloideSj 

 which spreads rapidly and must be so placed that it wUl 

 not crowd out the other plants that are near it ; G. ro- 

 tundifolla ; C. Trachelium; C. Van jEConttei, a, hybrid, 

 and one of the best bell 

 flowers. V 



The following are the best 

 low-growing kinds for the 

 rockery : G. Carpatica and 

 its varieties, G. Caucasica, 

 G. fra,/ilis (whii-li needs 



goiiil ji-it planl I.e. iialla in 

 shelt.-r.-.l ii.isitioii. ('. Por- 



folia, and C. pusilla. Many 

 of the larger-growing kinds 

 are also good for the rock 

 garden. r. Cajieron. 



^r* 



n't 



»^ 



bata 4 T 



25, 



gian I i 111 i'l / ' II ptt- 



lla 41 pvrami lali 14 K 1 des, 



19 Rafunculus 43 rl I I I 39, 



Hiithenic i lb Sarmati 4 s I s ou- 



leri 37 Sibirica 2( S lli II ie rii 34, 



thyrsoides 12 Trachelium 18 turbii at i do iiifici- 

 foUa 18 Valdetsi^ 40 versicolor 20 Vidalli 13, 

 Waldsteiniana, 28 , Zoysii, 42. 

 A. Tall or Border Campanulas, a foot or more high. 

 B. Calyx u'ith an appendage at the base of each sinus, 



c. Capsule S-celled : stigmas 5. 

 D. Style excessively long, the stigma an inch or more 

 long. 

 1. macrAstyla, Boiss. & Heldr. Annual, 1-2 ft. high, 

 branched from the base, hispid with rigid, spreading, 

 scattered bristles : branches stout : Ivs. scattered, 

 small for the size of the plant, sessile, bristly on both 

 surfaces ; lower ones ovate-oblong, acute ; upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, recurved, cordate, eared at the base : calyx 



