CAMPANULA 



Hort. Plants sold under this name are likely to be C. glom- 

 erata, var. spet-iosa.— C. Erlnus, Linn. Annual : plant hispid : 

 height 3-9 in.: Ivs. small, glossy, H-% in. broad, cordate, deeply 

 cut, the pointed lobes conspicuous : fls. sessile, pale blue with 

 a light center, tubular (or star-shaped?), %m. broad, with 

 acute narrow lobes ; style long, conspicuous, colored like co- 

 rolla ; racemes long, semi-prostrate, 10-20-fld. Mediterranean. 

 Rare short-lived rock plant. Also for edgings and pots.— O. 

 grandiflbra, Jaeq.=Platycodon grandiflorus.— C Lamdrckii, 

 D. Dietr.=Adenophora Lamarckii.— O. nitida, Ait.-=C. plani- 

 flora,— C. piadittora. Lam. (C. nitida, Ait.), (ilabrous: height 

 3-9 in. : stem simple ; Ivs. sessile, leathery, shining : root-lvs. 

 crowded in a dense rosette, ovate or obovate-obtuse, crenulate, 

 l^in. long: stem Ivs. linear-laneeol.ate, acute, nearly entire: 

 fls. blue or white, with double varieties, in spicate : 

 calyx lobes ov-ate. .acute, broad, erect, a third shorter ■ 

 broadly bell-shaped or saucer-shaped corolla. Not An 

 though commonly so st.ated. Habitat unknown. J.H. III. 

 33: 283. Rock plant, for sunny position. — C specidsa, Pourr., is 

 a rare species. Most of the plants passing under this name are 

 likely to be C. glomerata. B.M. 2649 is C. glomerata, var. spe- 

 ciosa.— C Speculum, Linn.=Specularia Speculum. — (7. urtici- 

 mia. This name is now abandoned. Plants are likely to be C. 

 Trachelium.-(:^ Tan l[,<uttn. Curr. Height 2 ft.: root-lvs. 

 long-petioled, roundish rordatt>. more or less lobed : stem-lvs. 

 sessile, oval-laueeol;tte, irregularly bi-dentate, 1%-i in. long, 

 more or less villous, strongly nerved : fls. usually solitary, 

 nodding at the end of a small branchlet, 2 in. long, half as 

 broad, indigo blue, or violet : calyx lobes linear, spreading, 1 

 in. long. A garden hybrid resembling 0. punctata. Int. into 

 Prance 187«by Thibaut and Keteleer. R.H. 1878, p. 420(descr.). 

 Var. pallida has pale lavender fls. ^_ jyj^ 



CAMFHdRA (from camphor, made from its juice), 

 Laurdceo'. The Camphor Tree (Camphdni officindlis, 

 Steud. ) is native to C'hina and Japan, but it is now in- 

 troduced into S. Fla. Botanically, it is very closely al- 

 lied to the cinnamons, and is often referred to that 

 genus (as Cinnamomum Camphora), but it differs in 

 its scaly buds, membranaceous calyx, and leaf characters. 

 Camphora officinalis attains a height of 40 ft., and en- 

 dures light frosts. It has alternate, ovate-elliptic, en- 

 tire, thick Ivs., and axillary panicles of small, yellow 

 fls. The whole plant contains camphor. The gum is 

 obtained from the extracted juice. 



CANADA 



233 



CAMPION. 



: sue,, 



CAMPSIDIUM. See Tecoma. 



CAMPT0S6EUS (Greek, bent son, alluding to the 

 irregular arrangement). Polypodi^ceae. A small genus 

 of hardy ferns, with simple, pointed Ivs., which take 

 root at the apex, and are hence known as "Walking-leaf 

 Perns." A single species is na- 

 tive mostly on lime-bearing 

 rocks, and an allied species is 

 known from Japan and N. Asia. 



rhizophyllus, Link. Fig. 341. 

 Lvs. simple, tapering from a 

 heart-shaped base, 4-12 in. long; 

 veins forming meshes near the 

 midrib ; sori irreg- 

 ularly scattered. 

 Canada to Alabama. 

 — Sometimesgrown 

 in rockeries and 

 wild gardens, 

 L. M. Underwood. 



CANADA. Figs. 

 342-4. The most 

 important fruit re- 

 gions of Canada are 

 those surrounded 

 wholly or in part by 

 bodies of salt or 

 fresh water. 



Atlantic ocean with 



its indentations, is 



the influencing climatic factor. In central Canada the 



great lakes, Ontario and Erie, serve the same usefpl 



office, while in the extreme west the Faciflc ocean, with 



hizophyllu 



its gulf stream, tempers the climate of British Colum- 

 bia, and gives sufficient atmospheric moisture, so that 

 all but tropical and citrus fruits may be grown in the 

 most favored localities. It is Interesting to note that 

 while on the eastern Atlantic coast apples are success- 

 fully grown as far north as the 47th parallel north lati- 

 tude, and in British Columbia as far north as the 52d 

 degree north latitude, yet in the interior of Ontario and 

 Quebec they have not succeeded north of the 4Cth par- 

 allel. 



The fruits of Canada of to-day arc :ittrilmt:il.l.- to .") 



missionaries and English colonials. -1. s. ..N .hhI iilants 

 obtained from Virginia and Ni« IjiL'hiii.l. :;. i'lants and 

 seeds brought in by United Eni]iiri KMNali^i-,. ). rhauco 



seedling production. .'>. He nt iiiiiHutai a.ii fmiu Europe, 



and systematic plant-lircr.lini;. 



In order to obtain an iiiia .'f tin- .liara.tir of fruits 

 cultivated in the Dominion, it will hi.- mc-ssary to con- 

 sider the provinces separately : 



Prince Edward Island.— Latitude, 46 degrees to 47 

 degrees north, area about one and a quarter million acres. 

 The surface is undulating, the whole island eminently 

 agricultural and pastoral. Soil, a reddish loam, some- 

 times sandy and occasionally clayish. The climate is 

 sufdeientlymild to admit of the cultivation of pears and 

 of plums of the Pruit its domestiea type. The winters are 

 long and tedious, with heavy snowfalls, and frequent 

 fogs and sleety rains. The first fruits introduced were 

 apples, by French colonists. Later, the English and 

 Scotch settlers brought other apples and pears, in addi- 

 tion to Kentish cherries. It is probable, also, that some 

 of these early fruits were introduced liv tin- Acadian 

 French. We still find on the island a Irw of the obi 

 French orchards of apples and cherries. ( ln-ni. s have 

 been cultivated — in fact, they have takin can- of them- 

 selves—with success since the time of their tirst intro- 

 duction. They belong to tlie Kentish type, and ripen in 

 that locality a month later than do the same varieties 

 grown in eastern Ontario. Black-knot has lately ap- 

 peared, but is being attended to. Apple-growing is on 

 the increase. The better practices in fruit-growing are 

 being introduced; a few large orchards are already 

 established and are bearing satisfactorily. The climate 

 has an important effect upon the kee])inu- properties of 

 apples and jK-:irs. Such late-maturintr \aririi,s ;is Hen 



wiiitiT apples of the west are the most snitalil.- varie- 

 ties. Of these are Ribston, Blenheim Pippin. Hubbjird- 

 ston and Grimes Golden. The same is true of pears. 

 The early and midseason varieties do best. Clapp, 

 Bartlett, iHowell, and Anjou are doing well. Among 

 plums, Moore's Arctic, Early Damson and Lombard are 

 favorites. Peaches cannot be grown successfully unless 

 artificially protected during winter. 



Small-fruits are grown successfully in all parts of the 

 island. The most important of these is the erimherry. 

 The area devoted to this fruit i- ^ \ii itihuL: r.u'i'lly. The 

 product is shipped to Englaml I uLtedly -.t 



future for fruit-growing on 1 1 1 1 i! iiaiinai 



under-drainage in many parts, h, ,,|u:,i,i, rlmiate. ami 

 proximity to the European market. 

 Nova Scotia aw> Cape Breton.— The Dominion owes 

 ry much to this province for the good pioneer work 

 done in advertising the fruit-growing capabilities of 

 Canada in the European markets. The best advertise- 

 ment that could be given by any country was afforded by 

 the magnificent display of fruit made by the Province of 

 Nova Scotia through its Pruit Growers' Association at 

 the Indian and Intercolonial exbilvifion in 1. on. Ion in isvc. 

 As early as the middle of the 1:,-. .,i.imh iIm \, -■■!!:, u 

 French, who then peopled Kin :j i : \ . u .m.. ,r., 



cultivated apples and pears M .\ i . n 



these lands fell into the hands of 1 1. m :,i;.i I ;,,- 



lish immigrants in 1760, old pear and apple trees ivei-e 

 fouml in ni.iny places; some of the latter exist at tie- 

 present day. It must not be supposed that the a]i]A>- 

 growing of Nova Scotia is restricted to the Annapolis 

 valley. This valley is only one of several, and the con- 

 tiguous fertile valleys of the Cornwallis and Gaspereaux 

 rivers are equally well adapted and equally productive. 

 The protection afforded iu this, tlie best fruit section of 



