CANADA 



as leading fruit-growing centers of the province. The 

 standard commercial apples of Ontario and New \ ork, 

 as Greening, Baldwin and Spy, do not succeed. Fameuse, 

 Wealthy and Duchess, with Canada Baldwin and Win- 

 ter St. Lawrence, do well, the latter two being natives 

 of the Province, and much appreciated. The fruit area 

 along the New York bound- 

 ary line is rapidly extending 

 Apples and plums are sta 

 pies, while pears and grapes 

 are grown for home use 

 The earlier varietie ot 

 grapes only are grown C on 



CANADA 235 



to 200 acres of land for a cow, but found no buyer. This 

 land is now vaha-d at from $;!00 to $500 per acre. The 

 impn>viini-ijt ol n.itive fruits began in 1830 by the in- 

 trodui-ti.iii "I' f.iiri-ii varieties, and by the establishment 



Cnmminiiil uinl slafistical.—The peach industry of 



cord does not 



Dell 



Early are generally leliable 

 in this western re(,ion 



Gibbland Farm once tlip 

 home of Charles C ibb (1 

 ceased 1890) a prominent 

 amateur fruit grower in 1 

 philanthropist is located t 

 Abbotsford, Que and t i 

 tains a large collection I 

 Russian fruits These fiuit 

 were widely distrilutel iii 

 Quebec through tli ff it 

 of Mr. Gibb A t ^\ f tli 

 summer varietie li n " 

 perseded older km 1 Hi 

 only winter Rus i ui x^ i Ic 

 which has become at all 

 well known m Quebec is 

 Arabka of EUwangei & Barry 



343 Apple orchards 



Longfleld is also sue 

 cersfulii'easterii Quebec where it keeps till midwinter 

 Unless carefully managed this 'i anety soon deteriorates 

 by overbearing , ^ 



Montreal is the chief apple shipping port during Sep 

 tember and October Later in the year Ontario and 

 Quebec apples go to Europe via Halifax, Portland or 

 Boston For a number of years past fruit-growers m 

 the vicinity of Montreal have shipped Duchess and 

 Alexander apples to Liverpool and Glasgow. The un- 

 satisfactory feature about the commercial side of fruit- 

 growing in Quebec is the scarcity of good winter export 

 apples. The old standards are not reliable and de- 

 sirable substitutes have not been found. Canada Bald- 

 win, Scott, Winter and Pewaukee are generally rec- 

 ommended. 



ONTAKio.-From the standpoint of a fruit-grower, the 

 province may be divided as follows : 



the Leamington distr 

 rapidly Though net 

 since its iniu^uriti i 

 very large In 1 't 

 shipped froi i I n ii ^ 

 more than 



iiiilli 



m the west (5) is growing 

 re than 20 ^eai has elap ed 

 li 1 r ent annual utput is 



1 t ti II I \ n I^ inlb4T 

 1 ,itit\ w I 1 I 111 In 18% 

 1 J li ti w 1 1 I lilted in 

 iagiini ili--irii-t tin- "utput of 

 in.lw-irv is more 



An apple-growmg region 



in the extreme east, 



the north side of the St. Lawrence. 



2. A pear, plum and apple-growing region between 

 Toronto and Kingston, along the shore of Lake Ontario. 



3. An extended and distinctively apple-growmg area 

 between Toronto on the south, Owen Sound on the 

 north, Haliburton on the northeast, and Lake Huron on 

 the west. [In the vicinity of Owen Sound, on the south 

 shore of Georgian Bay, plums of P. domeshea class are 

 extensively cultivated.] „ , .^ 



4 A peach, grape, pear, plum and small-fruit region 

 in the Niagara peninsula, between the overlapping ends 

 of Lakes Erie and Ontario. 1, Fig. 342. 



5. A peninsula in the west, between Lakes St. Clair 

 and Erie-an area where fruits similar to those noted 

 in the last are cultivated. Pelee Island, in Lake Erie, 

 might be included in this fruit zone. 1, Fig. 342. 



Historical.— Along the banks of the Detroit river '" 

 the extreme southwest, are gigantic pear treef ""' 

 are from seed planted probably by French miss 

 One of the oldest trees is said to date from 1705. These 

 trees are productive, but the fruit is not valuable. The 

 planting of apple orchards began in this region about 

 the year 1784. The planting of vineyards, for which the 

 region is noted, dates back about 40years. The Niagara 

 Peninsula was settled somewhat later than the Essex 

 region. Here, between 1780-90, the United Empire Loy- 

 alists received grants of land from King George, and 

 planted seeds of apples brought from their homes in 

 the United States. Here we are told that John Smith, 

 in the early part of this century, offered to sell his claim 



These 



that region. In the Niagara .Ii-iik 

 peaches is much larger, and tin- 1 1 uit 

 uniformly diversified. The Ni;i:;iira 

 strictly up-to-date. Electri.' rai> run .v, ly halt nour 

 past the doors of tin- in.it -...», is rcsiiling between 

 Hamilton and Beanisxill-; t.l. i,h..in.s coimect their 

 homes, and bring aai!> iiiaikH n ports. During the 

 shipping season, a fruit tiaiii Iraviiig Niagara Falls 

 daily and, running to llanaliuii. curries away such 

 peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, pears and berries as 

 are not shipped by boat from St. Catharines, Port Dal- 

 housie, or Niagara on the Lake. 



The standard varieties of apples of the province are 

 Spy, Greening and Baldwin. Ben Davis, York Imperial 

 and Ontario are being widely planted -the latter a native 

 of the province. It is a cross between Northern Spy and 

 Wagener, produced by the late Chas. Arnold, of Pans. 

 Princess Louise and Mcintosh Red, supposed seedlings 

 of Fameuse, are becoming well known in the eastern 

 parts of the province. Among other fruits produced in 

 the province are the Moyer and Jessica grapes, the h itz- 

 gerald and Longhurst peaches. 



C. C. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for 

 Ontario, gives the following estimated statistics regard- 

 ing fruits and fruit areas in the province in 1895. Area 

 in orchard, garden and vineyard, 320,122 acres; number 

 of apple trees of bearing age, 5,913,900; young trees not 

 bearing, 3,548,053. In 1896, the yield of apples m the 

 province was estimated to amount to 20,000,000 barrels. 

 The Provincial Fruit-growers' Association has a mem- 

 bership of 5,000. and publishes a monthly Journal of 

 Horticulture. Secretary and editor, Linus Woolverton, 

 Grimsby, Out. 



A series of fourteen fruit experiment stations has re- 

 cently been established, so located as to cover the va- 

 rious climatic divisions of the province. The object is 

 to test and report upon all fruits, old and new. Ihese 

 are under the joint control of the Ontario Agricultural 

 College and the Ontario Fruit-growers' Association, 

 with L Woolverton as executive officer, whose duty 

 it is to make an annual report of the whole to the Min- 

 ister of Agriculture, 



