292 CHERRY 



39th and 44th degrees of latitude and the 68th and S6th 

 degrees of longitude, and to contiguous areas having 

 similar climatic conditions. Spontaneous forms of it 

 attain great size on the Chesapeake peninsula ( Fig. 428 ) . 

 The sour Cherry may be grown with profit between the 

 35th and 45th degree's of latitude and the 68th and 100th 

 degrees of longitude. 



the Mazzard is the best stock for both sweet and sour 

 Cherries in the east. The Mahaleb is more widely used 

 for the sour kinds, however, as it is easier to bud, and 

 it is free from leaf blight in the nursery. The Mazzard 

 forms a better root system, stronger union, a longer 

 lived tree, and is sufficiently hardy. For the Plains 

 states the hardier Mahaleb stocks should be used. 



The Cherry likes an elevated, naturally light, dry, 

 loamy, retentive soil. The sour kinds need more mois- 

 ture, and will thrive In heavier land. A soil not natur- 

 ally dry may be .■urrect.-d by nnd.r-draiuing, and on 



light, dry knolls, iIm i-mn . :,i.:i. ii. may be increased 



by green maiiui. ^ i i . : ; i 



The sweet (Ih ,. : '^ f.et to RO feet 



apart each win : il. "., ,, ni . , , . . i, li, tV-et to 18 feet. 

 The trees are f," I" -■ -' i-" w..i.- from the bud. 



The sweet kimU :.-.■ ^i:,<u.\ with :i to 5 main arms, 

 with no central I, aM. r. ali mt :!>o feet high, and the 

 branches are i.ru.nM i.. m.I. liu.ls for a few years to in- 

 duce a spreailiiiL'. ralln r llian a s|.iri--like term. 1 lie 



CHERRY 



largely on the personality of the grower, and on his skill 

 as a salesman. The range of profit for the sour Cherry 

 is from $30 to $100 per acre, and from $50 to $300 or 

 more for the sweet. 



The varieties adapt themselves to a wide range of 

 territory. An impfratire riprii. however, is the develop- 

 ment of varieties with -trikin- f.atiires for local adapta- 

 tion. In the prairir ^tat. - au.l tli.- extreme north, the 



hardier Amarelles aial M.ir. 11,,^ nprise the profitable 



kinds. Pcymally tli.- .lark-.-,,l.,r.cl, more acid Morellos 

 were most sought after; now the milder Amarelles are 

 demanded by both canners and consumers. In the fol- 

 lowing lists, the varieties are named more for the pur- 

 pose of illustrating the different types than for recom- 

 mending specific varieties. 



Amongst Amarelles, the Early Richmond and Mont- 

 morency are the leading types. 



Early Eichmniid (.Vig. 429).— Size mediumt pit large: light 

 red; poor quaUty; rtgorous growth. Ripens June 20 in New 

 York. 



Montmorency.— hurge, broad, flattened ; pit medium; light 

 red ; flesh nearly colorless : juice moderately sour ; vigorous 

 growth ; generally productive. Two weeks after Early Rich- 

 mond. Most valuable Amarelle for the east. 



and Cultivair H . . : ■■ ..f ; , . r . i 



the mill. Ih- ..f .lui r lU. ilc-t -i .liii- . >■ ■ -l ai Hm m-i 



cultivation with a winter eoyf-r-erop ^tinmlat.- tlie 

 trees with leguminous cover-crops when needed. Out 

 the sweet Cherry is a gross feeder and a rapid grower, 

 and undue stimulation must be avoided. Keep the 

 orchard in sod and pasture it with sheep, along the 

 southern and western limits of profitable sweet Cherry 

 culture, and withhold nitrogenous manures. 



Nitrogen, potash, and phosphoric acid are the three 

 essentia] fertilizers. Nitrogen may be supplied in legu- 

 minous crops'; potash as muriate, at 150 lbs. to 300 lbs.; 

 and phosphoric acid in dissolved rock, at 300 lbs. to 

 500 lbs per acre. 



Cherries should be picked by the stems into small 

 baskets a few days before ripe. Sort out all stemless, 

 small and imperfect fruits. Face the perfect Cherries 

 in small, attractive boxes or baskets, and pack these m 

 small cases or crates. The choicer the fruit, the more 

 strikingly it should be displayed. Guard against break- 

 ing the fruit spurs in picking the sweet Cherries. Fruit 

 for canning is less laboriously packed, but may be as 

 carefully picked. 



The profits depend on the varieties and markets, but 



#P^ ^f^/(, 





'Wf-^'- 





4*0 u a owe I cherry tree on the Che 



oaad. a.i.l. >L iiauil lli-sh d;irk. Rather shy hearer iu the 



English MorfUo. —T^vo weeks later than Montmorency; more 

 pen, drooping habit: fruit medium, roundish; red-black: very 

 our, slightly astringent : flesh and juice dark, purpUsh 



Among the sweet Cherries, the firm-fleshed red or 

 black Bigarreaus are the most profitable. The light 

 Bigarreaus and Hearts are more susceptible to the fruit- 

 rot, and sell less readily. Representative types of 

 Heart and light Bigarreau Cherries are the following; 



Black Tartarian. — The most valuable Heart Cherrj'. Produc- 

 tive ; vigorous, hardy, early ; large ; dark red or black ; flesh 

 dark purphsh; very juicy, sweet. 



Napoleon (Fig. 431).— One of the best hght Bigarreaus. Fruit 

 large ; flesh hard, brittle, colorless; Ught lemon yellow, with 

 reddish cheek: heavy bearer; rots if not picked before ripe; 

 spUts iu wet weather. A week before Black Tartarian. 



From the dark Bigarreaus the following are among the 

 best types : 



Robert's Red iTeori.— Bright, dark red, with an under mot- 

 tling- IS large as N%poleon- flesh pinkish: juice nearly color- 

 less subacid he-iw regular bearer in Hudson river valley. 

 Ripens with Napoleon 



Mezel —Large heart shaped obtuse, flattened at both sides; 

 uneven skm dark red to black firm, but heart-like ; juicy ; 

 very sweet stem long and tortuous ; hea\-y bearer locally. 

 Ripens with Napoleon 



Windsor —Lurge roundish oblong ; firm; juicy: mottled 

 dark red flesh pinkish white stem medium, set in slight, 

 broad depression heivy beirer vigorous, upright. Ripens 

 two weeks if ter \ ipoleon \ ery profitable. 



Jhke7nan — Lirge heart shaped obtuse, flattened on one side: 

 black with extremtU tirm reddish flesh!: subacid, reddish 

 ]uice stem medium in a slight broad depression ; -vigorous. 

 Ripens three weeks or moie after Windsor. A variety of great 



Diseases and insects —The brown rot (Monilia 

 fmctigena] which attacks the fruit at the ripening 

 period, and particularlj during sultry weather, can be 

 largely avoided by picking the fruit a few days before 

 ripe It may also fatally attack the flowers, 

 leaves and twigs In localities wehre the 

 '' Cherry blooms but does not fruit, the trees 



hould be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture be- 

 fore the buds unfold again when the fruit is 

 et and two or three times thereafter, with a 

 colorless fungicide 



Black knot {Plounghtia morbosa, Sacc). 

 See under Plum 

 Leaf blight {Cyhndrosporitim Padi, Karst). 



. See under Plum 



,1a Powdery mildew {Podosphara oxycantha. 



