CINERARIA 



cool and shaded a position as can be provided. Of the 

 different species of Cineraria from S. Europe, C. mari- 



timn is |i. rliii.s tin li. st. It is of dwarf habit, with 

 tiiiin iit^i- -il M- ]iinii itifid leaves, and is a most use- 

 till,, limit. .-.q.i.'i.iU must be treated as an annual, 



s,,,Mii4 th. s, ,.is L.iilN in March in the t'reenb..use. 



then 



The 



species 1 - .Mill ni.l . 1st. m 



be treated as tender annual's. ]il.iiiti.i„' th. m in tli.- hi r- 

 baceous borders for the summer. The s])e..ies frcnn the 

 Cape of Good Hope require irreenhouse treatment, the 

 culture being the same as for the common Cineraria, 

 tbouifh, from an ornamental point of view, they would 

 hardly pay for the room they would occupy. 



Edward J. Canning. 

 ClNNA (old Greek substantive). Graminew. Peren- 

 nial wo. ids grasses allied to Agrostis and Calamagrostis, 

 with 1 Hd., mticli flattened spikelets, 1-nerved palet, 1 

 sttiiii.ii. an. I :> l.i.ise open panicle. The two northern 

 sp.'.i.-s ar.. .itf. i-.-.l by collectors: C. arvindinacea, Linn., 

 with the l.niii.lies of the panicle ascending or erect ; 

 C. pendula, Triii., with the branches very slender and 

 drooping. These grasses (growing 3-7 ft.) are useful in 

 wild borders. 



CINNAMdMUM (the ancient Greek name). Laiird- 

 f«f. Fifty ..) .1,-1. Ir..- iiii.l -Ill-Ill. s ..f Asia, mostly 

 tropical, ..f ■ ' ■' _' '. '■ -i i !..■ .'xtrerae south- 



ern U.^. i' I !, m.'-tly oi^posite: 



Hs.usuall\| 1111.11- ill :', rows and 



a cup-like .,il>\ : I.ii.l- 11. -t -.al^,. 'I'll.' Cinnamon of 

 commerce i- iii..-tlv tli.- Lark ..f C. Zeylanicum, Nees ; 

 and this is -|,i,ni,-lv .ult. in S. Fhi. i.n.l S.Calif. It is 

 cult, in Ceyl.in ami ..tli.r ..rii-nlal .•..nntries. It is a 

 small tree, with ovate-oblong, shining, ,'J-,")-nerved Ivs., 

 and small, yellow-white fls., in terminal, loose clusters. 

 It is native to E. Ind. and Malaya. C. Camphdra, T. 

 Nees and Eberm., is the Camphor tree. By some it is 

 retained in the genus Camphora, and it will be found 

 there in this book. C, Cassia, Blume, of Burma and 

 China, furnishes Cassia bark or "Cassia lignea" of com- 

 merce. It is hardier than the C. Zeylanicum. It is a 

 handsome tree, with stiff, long-oblong, acutish, 3-ribbed 

 shining Ivs., and small :fls. in tomentose terminal or 

 axillary panicles. The bark is thicker and coarser than 

 that of C. Zeyltniicum, and is used to adulterate Cin- 

 namon. The unexpanded, clove-like fiower-buds are 

 often sold as Cassia buds. C. Louriirii, Nees. A mid- 

 dle-sized tree of Cochin China, is rarely sold as a glass- 

 house plant. It has an aromatic odor. Lvs. opposite or 

 alternate, rigid, elliptic or oblong. Petiole %-%. in. long. 

 There is a form with variegated lvs. C. pedunculattun, 

 Presl, from Japan, is also sold as a glasshouse subject. 

 It is a glabrous tree, with thick, petioled, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, 3-nerved lvs., which are shining above. Petiole 

 )-i-yi in. long. 



The genus embraces tropical and semi-tropical shrubs 

 and trees, which are mostly of economic value, and in 

 one or more cases are valuable shade trees for lawn 

 and street planting. The lvs. are evergreen, usually of 

 a rich, shining green, and in C. ('.//).///i..r./ have a 

 silvery blue coloron the under surfa.-.s. (\ r.n, ././..././, 

 the Camphor tree, is hardy in the low.r ( iiilt siai.s, ami 

 is now being extensively planted, Ijoth f..r slia.le ami 

 extraction of gum (see Camphora). C Cassia is not 

 quite so hardy, but withstands a temperature of 20° Pahr. 

 without injury, and has been planted in Florida for 

 manufacture of its various products, -oil. gum, buds and 

 cinnamon bark. The true Cinnamon of commerce is 

 prepared from the bark of C. Zojhnil.HM . a tiMjiical 

 species, likely to be extensively gmwn in M.\i... and 

 the West Indies. The various species ai.- usually |.r.i]ia- 

 gated by seeds, which are sown as .soon as rip.- in a shaded 

 bed, the seedlings being transplanted when very small 

 into pots and kept thus growing until permanent plant- 

 ing out. The species, without exception, are very diffi- 

 cult to transplant from the open ground, and hence pot- 

 grown plants are almost a necessity. Cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood of some species may be rooted in the 

 spring in moderate heat, following the usual method of 



CISSAMPELOS 319 



preparation, and planting in coarse sand. The soil best 

 suited to Cinnamomums in general, and C. Camphora 

 in particular, is sandy loam, although a heavy loam, 

 where well prepared, answers fairly well. The sandy 

 soil of Florida, when moderately manured, suits all spe- 

 cies so far tried admirably. 



E. N. Reasoner and L. H. B. 

 CINNAMON VINE. A name for species of Dioscorea. 



ClNQTJEFOIL. A species of PotentiUa. 



ir, A few 



CIRC.EA (Circe, the 



species of low woods h. ri.- i.i X. Am.r. ami Ku., two 

 of which are in the trail.' t-.r Lrr..>\ in ; in -ha.ly j. laces and 

 about garden bogs. Th.-y an- inf. f.stm- littl.' plants, 

 but not showy. Of easy culture in sliady, damp spots. 

 Lvs. opposite and stalked: fls. perfect, small, and white, 

 in terminal and lateral racemes ; calyx tube hairy : fr. a 

 small, bristly bur. 



tutetlina, Linn. Erect and branching, 1-2 ft. , the stem 

 swollen at the nodes: lvs. ovate-acuminate, more or less 

 rounded at the base: pedicels slender, reflexed in fruit: 

 fr. 2-celled. Woods, E. 



PaciHca, Asch. & Mag. Prom 6-12 in. ; smaller than 

 the above, lvs. less acuminate, fls. smaller, fr. 1-celled 

 and less bristly. Col., N. and W. -[^ jj_ b_ 



CIBEHOPfiTALUM (tendril petal, alluding to the nar- 

 row lateral sepals). OrchidAcece, tribe lSpid4ndre<E. 

 Nearly 50 Old World tropical orchids, none of which are 

 in the American trade. The tail-like lateral sepals give 

 the fls. an odd appearance. Allied to Bulbophyllum. 

 Thev are .-luiilivtes, aiel i r.- :;r. 'a n m l.a-kets or on blocks 

 in a wirui!i,,u-e. I.. . 1 - in-: C. Cumingii, 



Lin.ll. I K..M. r.i'.iiii; ('. 1/ '!■!:. H.M. 4977. I.H. 



39:l.'it. (t.C. hi. -JI: J. ; r. :.,/.,,,,/„»,, Lodd. (B.M. 

 681)21; ('. /i»/./,i;-,». N. 1-;. Hr.uvii ,1.H. 33:608. A. P. 

 6:00!1|; ('. 77m.m,N(/, Liudl. (B.M. i237). C. Sinense 



' Beinl'of'raniM 

 rhopetalums shou 



access of air to the roots, which 

 Liberal allowance must be made for drainage, which 

 should consist of either broken |.i.tsliir.ls ..r charcoal, 

 the latter being preferable, as it is li-lii. .iiini'il.- and con- 

 tains nothing detrimental. Tw. i-t 1 1 1 1 . 1 s , ,- m u m la , or other 

 clean fiber, and one-third choppe.l liv.- sphairnuni moss, 

 well mixed together, afford a good com|iost ; and after 

 this has been carefully tucked in about the roots and 

 interstices, the plant should be held firm with brass or 

 copper wire until reestablished. The compost should be 

 used rather sparingly to prevent over-watering. Many 

 of the small, i-gi-.iwing species do very well on orchid 

 blocks, lirmly at ta.-li.-il, with a small quantity of compost 

 ben.-atli till 111. During the winter months, little or no 

 shade is ii-(piir..l. The temperature mav range from 

 58° to 6.1° F. l.y niulit.with al.i.ut lit' ri-.". tiinuigh the 



day, or even a liti 1.- 1 -..w Ith sun li.at,\\ ill .1.. m. injury. 



No' artificial Ii.-at is ,,.■.■. s.ai-v in sumui.T. rv.-.|it in ex- 

 treme cold or wet \v..atli..r. l.iit a shaii.-.l, imiist location 

 sli.iul.l be selected, such as is attorded in the cattleya 

 ..!■ |ialui il.partment. When the plants are dormant, 

 li-lit syriiiunng overhead will keep the compost moist 

 ami ihe iiliuits in healthy condition, but as the growing 

 season advances, a liberal quantity of water and copious 

 syringing in bright weather will be necessary. The stock 

 is increased by division, the most judicious method 

 being to cut nearly through the rhizome with a sharp 

 knife, about three pseudobulbs behind the lead, just be- 

 fore growth action, allowing tlie part to remain until the 

 dormant eyes start t.i gmw, wheu it may be removed and 

 treated as" an estahlish.-.l plant. A little extra heat and 

 moisture at this period will prove beneficial with the 

 weak plants. All are of moderately easy culture. 



Robt. M. Ghet. 

 ClESIUM. Refer to Cnicus. 



CISSAMPELOS (Greek for ivy and vine). Menisper- 

 mAceif. Vines : fls. in axillary racemes or clusters, the 

 plant dioecious ; sterile fls. with 4 or 2 sepals and as many 



