327 



CLAKY. The dried Ivs. of Salvia Sclarea, which are 

 used for seasoning. Other species of Salvia have been 

 used fo" the same purpose. See Salvia. 



C 





:&. (after .Tolm Clayton, of Virginia, one of 

 Liiiiriiriu l.,itaiiists. Prom his collections 

 liteil the Flora Virginica). Portitlai-dcew. 

 Spring BE.iUTV. Small, liardy, glabrous, succulent, 

 perennial herbs, with slender, 2-leaved stems from a 

 deep, globular corm, and loose racemes of white or rose- 

 colored fls. with deeper veins, appearing among the first 

 wild fls. and lasting only a few days. The genus has 

 about 25 species, mostly N. Amer., and is characterized 

 by its oval, persistent sepals and 5 stamens. Plants can 

 be obtained from dealers in native plants. They can be 

 naturalized in moist places, and do well in half -shady 

 spots at the bottom of a rockery. For C.parvifolia, 

 parviflora &nd perfoliata, see Montia. 



Virginica, Linn. Plant 4-8 in. long, often forcing an 

 irregular way through the leaf-mold of damp, rich 

 woods : Ivs. linear-lanceolate or linear. 2-6 ft. long, in- 

 cludint; the gradually taperiim- Ikim' : tls. larger and 

 more numerous than in ('. < ',i r..l, i:i.nia . Colo, to At- 

 lantic and S. to Gulf. B.M.'.ill. I.. 111'. 7:1, Hi. D. 33. 



Carolini&na, Michx. Lower arnl f.werll.l. : Ivs. 1-2 in. 

 long, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or somewhat spatulate, 

 with a blade 1-2 in. long, abruptly contracted into a 

 marginal petiole. Minn, to Atlantic and S. to Mts. of 

 North Carolina. 



lanceoUta, Pursh. About 4 in. high : Ivs. oblong or 

 lanceolate, K-l^in. long, sessile, the base broad or 

 narrow: raceme short-peduncled ; petals emarginate or 

 almost obcordate. Utah and Calif. -^^ jj^ 



CLEISOSTOMA (Greek, closed month, referring to the 

 structure of the spur). Orchiddcece, tribe Tdndem. 

 Epiphytes : stems leafy : Ivs. coriaceous, flat or nearly 

 terete: sepals and petals adnate to the column, spread- 

 ing; labellum with a large saccate spur; column short, 

 thick J poUinia 2. From eastern Asia and Austral. A 

 genus comprising in this neighborhood 40 species, 

 which suggest Saccolabium. The plants are little 

 known in Amer. The leading species are C. crassifo- 

 lium, Lindl., and C. rinffens, Reichb. f. C Dawsonia- 



C. nmltifloTum, 

 Oakes Ames. 



ClfiMATIS (Greek name of a climbing plant). Ra- 

 nunculAcece. Climbing vines, or erect or ascending per- 

 ennial herbs, more or less woody : Ivs. opposite, slen- 

 der petioled, pinnately compound, lobed, or in some 

 species entire; sepals usually 4 or 5, .sometimes more, 

 valvate in the bud, petaloid ; petal.s none (or small in 

 Atragene section) ; stamens many; pistils many; akenes 

 in a head, 1-seeded ; style persistent, long, plumose, 

 silky or naked. Fig. 492. About 150 species of very 

 wide geographical distribution, most abundant in tem- 

 perate regions. About 20 species found native in 

 North America. — Les Clematites, Alphonse LavalWe, 

 Paris, 1884 ; referred to below by "Lav."— The Clema- 

 tis as a Garden Flower, Thomas Moore and George 

 Jackman, London, 1872 ; referred to below by "M. & J." 

 -Clematises, Dr. Jules le Bele, in Bull, de la Societe 

 d'Hort. de la Sarthe ; republished in The Garden (vol. 

 53), June-Oct. 1898. — O. Kimtze, Monogr. der Gattung 

 Clematis in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26 (1885). -A. 

 Gray, Fl.N. Am. 1:4-9, 1895. 



A rich soil of a light, loamy character is the best for 

 Clematises, and a little mixture of lime will make it 

 better. The soil must lie well .h-aiiied. and must be kept 

 rich by at least annual a|.|.li.aii"H^ I't hcrse- or cow-ma- 

 nure. On dry, li"t ^mjIs r,.\\ niainirn i-i best, while on 

 heavy soils a tlinri>iiL;li dressing' <it' rich leaf-mold 

 would best serve the purpose. Jlnl.liiii^' with h.alf-rot- 

 ted manure on the approach of wiiit.r trnds t.i increase 

 the strength of the plants and the ^'r/.i- ..f the tlowers. 

 In dry seasons, spraying is always helpful chiring the 

 growing season. 



Clematises belonging to the Montana, Caarulea, Florida, 

 and Lanuginosa types should be pruned in February or 

 March, by cutting away all weak, straggling and over- 

 crowded branches. The first three mentioned flower 

 from the ripened wood ; it is essential, therefore, that 

 in order'to secure blossoms, enough of the strong one- 

 year-old wood should be retained. Viticella, Jack- 

 shoots. 

 sh.Hil.l l.n |.runn.l ^•rv little, 

 ■.M-al.pn:nn>l.lix s 1 n I ] i i V tHm- 

 alid see,l-l..>ann- l.n.luucles. 

 usflimbing varieties are used 

 walls, root fences, mounds, 

 small buildings, and, in fact, 

 -nious gardener will think of. 

 .nli,,iis.. and for conservatory 

 ■ n, - :,n h, -r suited. All the 

 , I - ' i rulea and Lanu- 

 - I .< forms of Jack- 

 ill- n^i . :i~ well as for out- 

 ■fer and nn.re bushy species 

 o some extent, but are found 

 on large rockeries. Of the 

 "Their flowers are not so 

 ii-f of the climbers, yet they 

 ' ir garden, being prolific 

 riliuarily rich, deep gar- 



tid Laiiugino 



should 



ously 



say : 



in many places to cover 

 arbfirs, balconies, trellises 

 many other places the ing 

 For pot culture in the L're, 

 walls, the less \ irnnm^ m 

 many varieties an-l h\iii 

 ginosa types, iii.'linlin- 1 1 



door purposes. The 



blooi 

 howe 



. this class 



.,|n.ia;;.i .,n.. hitherto have done so 

 much for the climbers, .muht >.. ,lir. it their efforts now 

 to the long-neglected bush i leinai is.s. A noble begin- 

 ning has been made, result inn i" '!"' large-flowering 

 C. integrifolia, var. Diiniiuli, hut we expect more of 

 them in the future." See special notes on culture and 

 hybrid-forming qualities after the descriptions of some 

 of the species and varieties. 



The most common method of propagation is by graft- 

 ing. Roots of C. Flaiiiiiii,h, nr ('. VltUella are used; 

 the cions are taken fmni |ilaiit-. that have been grown 

 under glass, and are used hifuri tlie wood is entirely 

 ripe. Cions taken from ]ilauts tiinwu in the garden in 

 summer are rarely sma-essful. The grafts, in pots or 

 trays, are grown in a moist coolhouse, over gentle bot- 

 tom heat. Another method of propagation, involving 

 less labor but usually successful, is to take cuttings of 

 nearly ripe wood, grown under glass, aiid treat them as 

 the cions first above mentioned, without the roots. The 

 latter method is practiced preferably in summer in 



