hke odor, and it has become the type of the great order 

 Caryophyllaceffi which however is far removed botani 

 callj from the M\rtapea? The word giUiHower is a 

 corruption of carvoph\llu'! and until 'Shakespeare s time 



was a pamphlet entited Observations on Dr Priestly s 

 EmiKration a bitter ittick on the French Revolution 

 He took til 1 \ ill t nip m \Tiuri inprlitus and is re 

 Kardtd i Hi t mil r t th \im n iti ] ^rt^ press 



Pliilad. Itli) t I 111 1 \ t ni.hiiut 1 bleeding 



for^clldw t \ I I uli 1 m i 111 1 iiit nid damages 

 of $)000 which nearh rumed Cobbett and sent him to 

 England in June 1800 In 1802 he began Cobbett s 

 Weekly Political Register which he edited toi 3 1 \ ears, 

 and until his death except during an interval of im 

 Ills niiicnt and a second withdrawal to •Vmerica His 

 1 il « il was domestic reform and the circulation and 

 iiillu II of his journal were immense In 1801-2 he 

 I I Ml I ill! \mpricin writinjrs m 12 vnlnmos entitled 



1 II 111 I 111 t Hi h 



h ictdrmidlhj .11 I his w.rl n I httinf,l\ 

 li\ a place in Parliament but he was then 



I much damage and he died withm three ji 

 t I Cobbett s faults are all obvious his etot 

 „ ibove the rest and barely falling short of s 



He was not a genius but his talents wi re ( \ 

 \ ind his versatility amazing His Ent, 



II (London 18181 written fn m Long I 1 ini 

 1,1 of letters to his lo %ear <,ld n x\ i n 1 



500 Clove 



Spray of leaves and flowers ( 1 ) ; an unopened bud or clove (3) , 

 the expanded flower (2). 



and after, was applied to the carnation, but now-a-days 

 it usually refers to several cruciferous plants of the 

 genus Cheiranthus and Matthiola. 



CliUB MOSS. See Lycopodium. 



CNlCUS (Greek, knhein, to injure). Compdsita. 

 Thistle. A genus of perhaps 200 species, containing 

 many much -hated weeds, especially the common Thistle, 

 C. lanceolatus, and the Canada Thistle, C. arvensis, Fig. 

 501. About a dozen species have been slightly culti 

 vated in rookeries and wild gardens. The genus Chamas 

 pence, now referred to Cnicus, contains 3 plants slightlj 

 used abroad in subtropical and carpet bedding: C. A fer, 

 O. Casabonce, and C. Diacantha, which are cult, fo 

 their rosettes of prickly Ivs. The fls. appear the secon 

 year. C. benedictus is an old name of the Blessed This 

 tie, for which see Garbenia. 



COBBETT, WILLIAM (1762-1835). The once 

 famous English author had two periods of en- 

 forced residence in America, and wrote "The 

 American Gardener," which is one of the spiciest 

 books in the whole history of American horti- 

 culture. Plate II. He was of thorough Saxon 

 ancestry, and while a gardener's lad and during 

 eight years of military service, made strenuous efforts at 

 self-education. In 1792 his personal liberty was endan- 

 gered by the publication of "The Soldier's Friend" (an 

 appeal for an increase of pay), and he came to Phila- 

 delphia in the autumn of that year, His first success 



Hiilitt dcclircd thit it i i int i iin_ i a 

 k md \ltred A\cis in In i limi II Im n 



Ilk 188)) declares that it i |i I il i\ tli in st 

 „rtmmar ever written, and that tm purpost-s of 



I ition it IS unrivalled (For a list of Cobbett s 

 see Edward Smith s excellent sketch in the 



account 111 II II I 1 II I \ 1 itii I IK 



in the ti \ Im I ( n II I I l i ly 



year 180 I i imii I i II ni n 1 I li i i Hi 

 bates) nor ( 1 hi tt s Complete ( 11 ti ii i t Stite 

 Trials ( ifter«ards known as Howell s) nor manv other 

 works which he either edited translated or published 

 The anti Cobbett literature is exceeilni..I> Mihmiinous 

 and almost every charge has been nrii. :i„,iii:-i ilio 

 man, except that of being uniutir. iin;; 



to Henry Cabot Lodge (whose masfi i i n m 



"Studies in History" [Boston, 1885]. >liii i .n-uli.d 



by the student immediately after dirt-ci c.nui.i with 

 Cohbett's writings), Cobbett's true value is understood 

 by his thoroughly representative character as a type 

 of his time and people. As historical documents, his 

 works are indispensable. 



Cobbett's horticultural writings of chief interest to us 

 are "Cottage Economy," "A Year's Residence in the 

 United States of America, and, most of all "The Ameri- 

 can Gardener" (1821), which was reproduced with con- 

 siderable modifications as "The English Gardener," in 



501. Leaf of Canada Thistle ( 



London, 1827. The American edition of Wm. Forsyth's 

 excellent "Treatise on the Culture and Management of 

 Fruit Trees." was published at New York and Phila- 

 delphia in 1802, and in Albany in 1803, and was one of 

 the most influential books on fruit growing in the 



