374 CORIARIA 



ing branches imitating pinnate Ivs., and witli very 

 showy yellow, red or black fr. The Ivs. of some species 

 are used for tanning leather ; the frs. are poisonous. 

 C. Japinica has proved hardy with slight protection in 

 Massachusetts, and C. termlnalis seems to be of the 

 same hardiness ; the other species are more tender. 

 They grow in almost any good garden soil, and prefer 

 sunny position. Prop, reatlily by seeds and greenwood 

 cuttings in summer under glass ; also by suckers and 

 layers. 



Jap6mca, Gray. Shrub, 2-3, sometimes to 10 ft.: 

 branches quadrangular : Ivs. nearly sessile, ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, 3 nerved, smooth, 2-4 in. long : lis. in 

 axillary racemes from the branches of last year: fr. be- 

 coming bright red in"summer, changing to violet-black 

 when ripe. Jap. B.M.7509. G.F. 10:343. 



terminilis, Hemsl. Herbaceous or suffruticose, 2-3 

 ft.; branches quadrangular : Ivs. nearly 'sessile, broad- 

 ovate to ovate-lanceoluto, 5-9-nerved, scabrous on the 

 veins beneath, 1-3 in.: fls. in terminal racemes on 

 shoots of the current year : fr. bright yellow. Sikkim, 

 China. — A very ornamental plant, keeping its yellow fr. 

 from July until late in fall ; being herbaceous, it is 

 easier to protect from frost than the former. Recently 

 introduced into cult, as G. NepaUnsis. 



O myrtitdlia. lAim. Shrub. 4-10 ft.: Ivs Snerved, glabrous: 

 fls. greemsli tToin ilu' olii wo. il tr l)\,ic k i...ismious Mcdi 

 terranean i _ i 'i ill < ^ ^^ '' 



\.LFREri Rfmiifh 



COBS is the name applied to the outer impervious 

 part of the bark in plants. In A'uonijmus Thtinbenji- 

 anus, the English maple, the corky barked elm, and 

 other trees'and shrubs, it forms wings on the branches. 

 The cork of commerce comes from the bark of Quercus 



logues, Phellodendron Amurense, is a curious tree, cult, 

 solely for ornament. t^_ ^. Rowlee. 



CORN, MAIZE (SWEET and POP). A tender annual, 

 cultivated in Aiin-ricii t'ri>m prehistoric times. The 

 word Maizi-, .Siiiiiiisli Jhuz. is derived from the name 

 Mahiz, which Columbus adopted for this cereal from the 

 Haytians. Maize has not yet been found truly wild. 

 Its close relation to Teosinthe, Euchlana Mexicana, 

 Schrad., is indicated by the known fertile hybrids, or 



CORN 



cross-breeds between Teosinthe and Maize. Teosinthe 

 and the only other species which show close botanical 

 relationship to Maize are indigenous to Mexico. Bota- 

 nists now almost unanimously concede that Maize origi- 

 nated in America, and it is probable that it is indige- 

 nous to Mexico. See Xki. 



The white settlers ru,\y 1. iiii.l fr.m the American 

 Indians the use of Mai if food. Several 



Indian names for r. . inins which they 



adopted or adapted, li ■ ilie language of 



the American people. '■■ -^umi., hominy, 



succotash. Theycultiv i n i miile field 



crop and in the garden ■ i i iiaiiCorn, 



which name, or the sill.; ;' i ams to the 



present time its alniiisi i\.iii n. il- i_haiaii through- 

 out the English-speakint; portions of the continent. It 

 now holds first rank among the agricultural products of 

 the United States in the area devoted to its cultivation, 

 and in the value of the annual crop. The kinds now 

 commonly fotind in garden culture are sweet Corns and 

 pop Corns. The other kinds, which are more strictly 

 agricultural, are called field Corns, but in some locali- 

 ties sweet Corn and pop Corn are also found under field 

 culture, the former either as a truck crop or for can- 

 neries, the latter to supply the comparatively limited 

 demand in domestic markets. Sweet Corn and Pop 

 Corn only will receive special attention in this article. 

 HiiT(No \i *'! vssiFicATiON. — Zea almost uniformly 

 ill n iM 1 I \ liotanists a monotvpic genus, its one 

 I . But Maize is an extremely vari- 

 Inii; groups which are separated by 

 cl I I I 1 I II -Ills. As a working classification, 

 that projiosf d t)v sturtevant is the best which has yet 

 appeared. He describes 7 " agricultural species." 

 These are ^ea titnicata, the pod Corns ; Z. 

 evei-l'i. the Poi, Corns fFi:; .T>1 ) , Z iiuTiinitii, 



n ' !• I ;- ' ■ ■ ti ri I I '• II 



oi I, I - 1 or murL, solid, lh it, 



I ' I M , terminated by a panicle 



ol -t t issel) ; internodes grooved 



on on I i II In s ear-bearing or obsolete: 

 ivs. Ion:;, lpn):iil, eh:inneled, tapering to the pen- 

 dulous tips, with short, hyaline ligules and 

 open, embracing sheaths: fls. monoecious, awn- 

 less, usually proterandrous ; staminate fls. in 

 clusters of 2 to 4, often overlapping ; one fl. 

 usually pcdiceled, the other sessile or all ses- 

 sile: glumes herbaceous; palea membranaceous; 

 anthers :i. linear. The ear contains the pistillate 

 tis. on M h iial. tliiekened, cylindrical spike or 

 s]ia.li\ I , .1, « In, I, ,s enclosed in many spatha- 

 la. a- I 1 ; spikelets closely sessile, 



in It, as. paired in alveoli with 



haiil. n. a,, inaia'iu; 2 fls. On a splkclct, the 



lower aliortivi- ; flumes membranaceous; style 

 single, filiform, very long (silk) ; ovary usually 

 sessile. Ear variable in length and size, often 

 distichous; :;rnin variable in shape, size and 



S»i : I I 'a saccharata, Sturt. Figs. 

 .'i.'il.a, \ ,; a lined species-group, charac- 

 teri/, a I ,,i, , i, ai, or less crinkled, wrinkled 

 or shrivelial I i I ' a -emi-transparent or trans- 

 lucent appeaia - 1,1 11. i-'i|i lists 61 distinct 

 varieties. 11. t" Sweet Corn re- 



corded in .\ii lieing introduced 



into the rcKMii : i i'U aih, M.a-s., from the In- 

 dians of the S«s,,iK-liaimii in ITTii. S.lien.k. in 1854, 

 knew two varieties. It appears, ili. n fon. tli.it the dis- 

 tribution of Sweet Corn into cultivation niaile little pro- 

 gress prior to the last half of tlie nineteenth century, 

 green field Corn Iniving largely occupied its place prior 



to that laiiiiii. 



Sweet Coin is jireeminently a garden vegetable, al- 

 though tlie lai;;e kinds are sometimes grown for silage 

 or stover. As a garden vegetable, it is used when it has 

 reached the "roasting ear" stage, the kernel then being 

 well filled and plump but soft, and "in the milk." The 

 kernel is the only part used for human food. When 



