Although it is tender plants, in the main, which are 

 propagated by cuttings of growing wood, the above 

 methods can be practiced advantageously with some 

 hardy plants. The wood, 

 which is invariably 

 successful if hard- 

 Mcd, is obtained either 

 inin plants forced for 

 iis purpose, e. g., spi- 

 i-a, Deiitzia gracilis, 

 tc, or it is gathered in 

 and July out of 

 doors, e. g., lilac, hy- 

 drangea, etc. Cuttings of 

 growing wood should be 

 potted in 2- or 3-inch 

 pots, in a rather sandy 

 soil, when the roots are from K-K inches long. It is 

 sometimes good economy to box them, i. e., plant them 

 a few inches apart in flats, when not immediately re- 

 quired. 



(2) Long Cuttings of Ripened Wood in Open Air.— 

 This method is used to propagate many hardy trees and 

 shrubs, e. g., willows, currants, grapes, forsythia, etc. 

 Wood of the current year's growth is gathered in au- 

 tumn or early winter, before severe frost, and either 

 stored in a cool cellar, covering with moss or fresh earth 

 to prevent drying, or immediately made into cuttings. 

 These (see Fig. 626) should be made 6 inches or more 

 long and should contain at least 2 buds. It is not neces- • 





CUTTAGE 



The excrescences, Icnots orknaurs, which are found on 

 the trunks and the main limbs of olive trees, a 



tiiiK - 11 ■<! L- 'uiriiii^s for propagation. 



i:: '■' ■ , nf ripened wood [Fig. 



OL'T : M- i,'l.-iss with tender or 



li:ill II I I :-. with new introduc- 



tiim- I 1)1 till- grower is short 



of -^^ ■ I -I thi- i.hiut is delicate 



ami I 1 should be gathered 



bill I :! -I Mii.l the cuttings 



mivK ami ilaiiinl cliri.i-tly in October 

 and XiivenibiT. JIake them from 2-4 

 inches long (sometimes a single eye only 

 is used), and plant with a dibble, in ^^...j , i^o^y^x. 

 pure sand in pots, pans or flats (boxes Cjl^Sf3f%t?r^ 

 about 16 inches square and 3 inches 7;*J^^i5^1§ 

 deep). If a layer of potting soil is placed --*•'<■ >J>V '. .—^ 

 imder the sand, the yoimg plants have 625. Hardened- 

 something to feed upon and do not need wood cutting 

 to be potted so soon after rooting ; if ^i dahlia. 

 this is done, drainage should be given. 

 It is important to keep them cool until a callus is formed 

 or roots produced. If the buds start into growth before 

 this, the cuttings become exhausted and are likely to 

 die. After rooting,— the time required varies from 

 one to six months— they can either be potted or tlie 



Sic. 



sary to cut to a bud at the base, but the upper cut 

 should be just above one. They should be tied in 

 bundles with tarred rope, taking care to have them lie 

 "heads and tails" to facilitate planting, and with the 

 butts on the same level, to promote callusing. They 

 should then be buried in sandy soil, with the butts 

 down and protected against frost. In early spring 

 they should be firmly planted in V-shaped trenches 

 in well prepared soil : set an inch or so apart, with 

 the rows 1 or 1% feet apart. The upper bud should 



. they should be dug, 

 graded and heeled-in for winter. Some varieties will 



planted out in well pre- 

 ne, where they are likely to 

 1. The weaker kinds can re- 

 ts, be winterdU in a pit, and 

 i;;. Some greenhouse plants, 

 «.<, tender grapes, etc., are 

 itli cuttings of fully ripened 

 LIS, dracBPna, etc., with wood 



624. Propagrating-box or hood. 



require a second or third year's growth in the nursery; 

 others are ready for permanent planting, as willows 

 and poplars, which often grow 6 feet the first year. 

 This is one of the very cheapest ways of propagating, 

 and will pay where only 25 per cent root. This method 

 is generally used with deciduous-leaved plants, but 

 some conifers, e. g., Siberian arborvitae, will strike. 

 Remove enough twigs to get a clean stem for plant- 

 ing, and allow 2 or 3 inches of top above, ground. 



626. Long cu 



strong-growing sorts 

 pared beds in May oi 

 make a satisfactory srri 

 main a yeiir in j'ots ,, 

 planted out tin u, \i ■ 

 e. g., Ca„„ll,., I..,u,: 

 propagated in tins w.i 

 wood, and others, as ( 



which is much older. They should be giv 

 described under the head of (1) Cuttings of Growing 

 Wood, but they nuist not be forced too hard at first. 

 The tenipc-r:iliirr >Ii..iild bi- regulated by the nature of 

 the plant. TIm ~:,U-~\ nili to follow is to give a few de- 

 grees more III at III? I r.i|.:i[.-:iting than the plant received 

 when the (■niiiii- was n nioved. 



(4) liiMt-ctiltinijs I I'lf,'. (JUS) are made of either root 

 or rootstock and are useful in propa- 

 gating some plants, either in the 

 greenhouse or in the open air. Ten- 

 der plants, like bouvardiM,, and those 

 which an- hanlv l.nt uf .li-l)r:,t.. 

 growtli, V. jr.. -I '" "'""I ././/..'(I.. K.afii 



cuttings arc mailc in autumn or wi 

 ter, the roots of hardy plants bei: 

 gathered before severe frost a 

 either planted directly or kept 

 moss until spring. This process 

 storing develops a callus and has 

 tendency to produce buds. For gre 



627. Short 



vork, the cuttings are made of ripened wood. 



