CYNOGLOSSUM 



CYNOGLOSSUM (Greek, hound's tongue, from the 

 shape and soft surface of the Ivs. of the commonest 

 species). Bormgindcea. A large and widely dispersed 

 group of little horticultural interest, being mostly tall, 

 coarse, weedy herbs. C. officl- 

 iiiile, Linn., ;Fig. 639, has a bur 

 that becomes attached to cloth- 

 ing and to the fleece of sheep. 

 It is a biennial weed, natural- 

 ized from the Old World, 

 irrows about 2 ft. high in pas- 

 tures and waste places of the 

 Atlantic states, and has soft- 

 l>ul)C'Siu-nt, lanceolate Ivs., and 

 Willi n-d-purple (sometimes 

 white) lis. in panicled racemes. 

 C. ijniiiile, Dougl. Once cult, 

 from California as a hardy 

 639. border perennial ; grows about 



Bur of Hound's-tongue 2 ft. high, with lower Ivs. ovate- 

 or Stick-tight. oblong, or somewhat heart- 



/w Q \ ' shaped at the base, acute or 



acuminate, 4-8 in. long, on mar- 

 gined petioles of about the same length : upper Ivs. 

 smaller, ovate to lanceolate, abruptly contracted into 

 shorter winged petioles: fls. violet or blue. For C. Ap- 

 peiinlrutm, Linn., see Solenanthus. 



CYN6RCHIS (Greek for dog orcJtid). Orchid&eem, 

 tribe Opliri'idecp. A dozen Habenaria-like African or- 

 chids, not in the Am. trade. Culture of Bletia. Not to 

 be confused with Cycnoches. 



CYNOStTRUS (Greek, do(/'s tei7). Gramine<e. An- 

 nual or perennial, cespitose grasses, with flat leaves. 

 Spikelets of two forms in small fascicles, these forming 

 a dense somewhat unilateral, spike-like panicle ; termi- 

 nal spikelets of the fascicles 2-4 fld., hermaphrodite; 

 lower spikelets sterile, consisting of many empty 

 glumes: flowering-glumes mucronate or awn-pointed: 

 stamens 3. Species 4 or 5, in the north temperate re- 

 gions of the Old World. 



crist4tU3, Linn. Ckested Dog's-tail. A slightly 

 tufted perennial grass, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow Ivs. 

 and a rather slender, erect, spike-like panicle. Int. 

 from Europe. — Well adapted for shaded lawns and wood- 

 lands. Also recommended for mixed pastures, espe- 

 cially in billy regions. The mature stems are used in the 

 manufacture of Leghorn hats. 



^legans, Desf. Silky-awned Dog's-tail. A pretty 

 perennial grass varying in height from 6 in.-l K ft. : 

 Ivs. small and scarce: panicle one-sided and spike-like: 

 spikelets with long white silky awns 3^-1 in. long. Int. 

 from Europe. — Handsome for dry bouquets. 



P. B. Kennedy. 



CYNTHIA. All referred to Krigia. 



CYPfiLLA (application obscure). Inddcem. Eight 

 species of South American bulbs, inferior to Iris for 

 general culture because not hardy, and also less showy. 

 The genus differs from Iris and Morffia in its stigmas, 

 which are neither petal-like nor filiform, but erect, and 

 in the anthers, which are broad, erect, not sloped, bear- 

 ing the pollen on their edges, also in the plaited leaves. 

 C. JTerberti is the only species offered by the American 

 trade, and the catalogues say it comes from Peru, but, 

 according to Baker (Iridese, p. 62), the only species from 

 the western coast of South America is C. Peruviana. 

 The bulbs should be set out in spring, lifted in fall and 

 stored over winter. Prop, by offsets or by seed, which 

 should be sown as soon as ripe. The blue-flowered spe- 

 cies are presumably equally worthy of culture, though 

 C. plnmbea, Lindl., from S. Brazil and Argentine, is 

 shown in B.M. 3710, with dull, lead-colored fls. In P.S. 

 i: 395 and 14: 1466 the colors are showier, the latter be- 

 ing a variety with handsome purple streaks. For the 

 still showier C. cvenilea, Seub., see Marica. 



A. Style appendages spur-like. 

 H^rberti, Herb. Lvs. about 1 ft. long, linear, acumi- 

 nate, twice plaited, the angles of the plaits winged : 

 scape 2-3 ft. high, erect, flexuose, glaucous, branched. 



CYPEEUS 



429 



many-fld. : fls. 3 in. across, chiefly yellow, odorless, soon 

 withering ; outer segments bearing a rather long cusp 

 or tail. South Brazil. Uruguay. Argentine. B. R. 

 11 : 949 and B. M. 2599 show utterly distinct colors, but 

 Baker says there is a lilac variety. 



AA. Style appendages petal-like, flat. 



Peruviana, Baker. Lvs. 6-9 in. long, linear, narrowed 

 gradually from the mi.ldN- l...ih ways, glabrous, plaited : 

 fls. 2-3 in a solitary >i:illM(i .'liivt.r, soon withering, 

 chiefly yellow ; segment ^ witli a .listinct long claw and 

 a proportionately shortir ami l.n.aa.-r blade and a shorter 

 cusp, at the base spotted brown. Peru. B.M. 6213. 



W. M. 



CYPEE6KCHIS ( Cyperus and OrcUs, from the sedge- 

 like appearance). Orchiddcece, tribe Vdndew. Very 

 closely allied to Cymbidium, which see. There are only 

 three species, of which C. Mdstersii, Benth. ( Cymbidium 

 Mastersii, Griff., of this work, and G. elegans, Blume 

 (Cymbidium elegans, Lindl., B.M. 7007) are cult. The 

 latter does not appear in the Amer. trade. 



CYPfiBUS (ancient Greek name). Cyperdcea. A large 

 genus of the Sedge family, inhabiting both tropical and 

 temperate regions. The species in cultivation are all 

 perennials from rootstocks or tubers: leaves grass-like; 

 stem simple and mostly naked above: flowers perfect, 

 without perianth, borne in small, compressed spikes, 

 which are variously aggregated in compound umbels, 

 the latter surrounded by foliaceous bracts; styles and 

 stamens 3. A few are cultivated in jardinieres, aquatic 

 gardens and aquaria. Several others are pests in culti- 

 vated fields. 



A. Basal leaf-sheaths without blades. 



alternifdiius, Linn. Umbkella Plant. Umbrella 

 Palm. Fig. 640. Strict, l}4-3ii ft. high: stem nearly 

 terete, ribbed, smooth and slender: involucral lvs. very 

 numerous, spreading or slightly drooping, linear, 8 in. 

 long, K-K in. broad, dark green, acute, rough-margined: 

 umbel rays only 1-2 in. long, nearly simple: spikes few, 

 in a cluster, ovate, very flat, 2 lines long, pale brown: 



640. Cyperus alternifoUus 



scale acute: rachis winged and pitted. Madagascar.— 

 Much used for aquaria and jardinieres. Var. variegAtus, 

 Hort. Stem and lvs. striate, sometimes entirely white. 

 Var. grAoilis, Hort. Involucral lvs. much 

 not so spreading. 



