508 



DRYNARIA 



DEYNAEIA (Greek, nnS--/,/.. -. /v/-// . '?;-)«os. A 

 genus of 10 or more East Indiun tmn. wiih round naked 

 sori.allif.l to P..lyi...di.im. but uith a liii.- uet-work of 

 veins, with fn i. iiiclinl.-d veiulets, and with either a 

 soparatt' "uk-lik.- l(:it "t- with the lower portion of the 

 spurlirariii!,' Iraf .1. . |,ly pinnatifid like an oak leaf. D. 

 quercifblia, wiili tw.. s..iis of Ivs.. the spore-bearing 

 2-3 ft. long, i.s tlie commonest species. D. rigidula, 

 S\v. (Z). diversifblia, R. Br.), a similar but larger 

 species from the same region, also appeared at one time 

 in the American trade, but the species are seldom seen 

 in cultivation in this country. J), mttscefdlia is occa- 

 .sionally seen in fine collections, where it is grown 

 for its striking, simple foliage, which reminds one 

 of the Bird's Nest Pern (Thamnopteris). It is really a 

 I'olypodium, which see for description. 



L. M. Underwood. 



DEYOPTEBIS (Greek, oak-fern). PdypodiAcetr. 

 Wood Fern. A widely distributed genus of handsome 

 ferns with dissected foliage and bearing round sori 

 <;overed with heart-shaped or reniform indusia, which 

 are fLxed at the center or along the sinus. The veins 

 are either wholly free or the lowest united. A consider- 

 able number of our common wood ferns belong to this 

 genus. The species have been variously known under 

 the names Lastrea, Aspidium, and Neph'rodium. Other 

 species sometimes referred to under this genus may be 

 found under Polystichum. For X>. acrostichoides, see 

 Polystichum ; for D. deetirrens, see Sagenia. In North 

 America, known mostly as Aspidiums* For culture, see 

 Ferns. Not the same as Doryopteris. 



A. Veins entirely free. 

 B. Pimiie lobed less than one-third to midrib. 

 hlrtipes, Kuntze [Nephrbdium hirtipes, B.oo\.). Lvs. 

 2-3 ft. long, 8-16 in. broad, on stalks clothed with dense 

 black scales ; pinnse with broad, blunt lobes, the lower 

 ones not reduced in size : sori medial on the lobes. In- 

 dia. 

 BB. Pinme cleft nearly to midrib, or lvs. bipinnaie 



or tripinnatifid. 

 o. Texture thin, memhranoxis ; veins simple or once 



D. Lower pinnce gradually reduced to mere lobes. 



Noveborac6nsis,Gray(jlspMJt(m Noveborac^nse, Sw.). 

 Lvs. somewhat clustered from creeping rootstocks, pale 

 green, 1-2 ft. long, tapering both ways from the middle. 

 Canada to N. C. and Ark. 



Fischerl, Mett {Lastrea opclca, Mett). Lvs. 6-8 In. 

 long, 2-3 in. wide, bipinnatifld, cut into close, entire 

 lobes, the lowest much reduced; surfaces smooth. Braz. 



DD. Lower pinnw scarcely smaller than those above. 

 E. Veins forked. 



Thel:^pteris, Gray (Aspidium Theh/pteris, Sw.). 

 Marsh Fern. Lvs. scattered on wide creeping black 

 rootstocks, 1-2 ft. long ; margins of the spore-bearing 

 liinnie often strongly convolute; sori 10-12 to each seg- 

 ment. Canada to Fla. and Tex. 



EE. Veins simple. 



simulilta, Dav. Lvs. scattered from a creeping root- 

 stock, 8-20 in. long, 2-7 in. wide, with 12-20 pairs of 

 lanceolate pinnte : sori rather large, somewhat distant, 

 4-10 to each segment. Native in N. Y. and N. Eng., 

 where it is often confused with Z>. Thelypteris. G.F. 

 11:485. 



pAtena, Kuntze. Lvs. clustered at the end of a thick 

 rootstock, 2-3 ft. long, 4-10 in. wide, soft-hairy be- 

 neath ; pinnae cut three-fourths to the midrib, the basal 

 segments usually longer. Fla. to Tex. and Trop. Amer. 

 A.G. 20:25. 



cc Texture firm or subcoriaceous ; veins 2-4 times 

 forked. 



D. Lvs. bipinnatifld or nearly bipinnate: inihisia 

 large, mostly flat. 



cristita, Gray (Aspidium cristiltum, Sw.). Lvs. 1-2 

 ft. long, with short, triangular pinnae 2-3 in. long, which 



DRYOPTERIS 



are much wider at base. Var. Clintoni&na is larger, 

 with pinnse 4-6 in. long, and with the sori rather near 

 the niidvein. Canada to Ark. ; also in N. Eu. Hybrids 

 are desiTil.ed with J), marginalis. G.F. 9:445. 



Goldieina, f^rav (.l.vpfdiHjB GoMiedniim, Sw.). Lvs. 

 growiutr iu Ur^r .iL.wns, 2-4 ft. long, 12-18 in. wide, the 

 pinnffi broadest at the middle : indusia very large. 

 Canada to Ky. — One of our largest and most stately na- 

 tive species. 



DD. Lvs. mostly bipinnate: indusia convex, rather 

 firm. 



Fllix-ni48. Schott (Asptdiu7n FUix-mds, Sw.). Male 

 Fern. Lvs. growing in crowns, 1-3 ft. long, sori near 

 the mid vein. Used as a vermifuge, as is also the next 

 species. N. Eu., Canada and Colo. 



743. Dryopteris mareinalis. 



marginalia, Gray (Aspidium margin&le, Sw.). Fig. 

 743. Lvs. 6 in. to 2 ft. long, growing in crowns, mostly 

 in rocky places : sori close to the margin. Canada and 

 southward.— One of our commonest ferns. 

 DDD. In'S. mostly tripinnatifid ; segments spinulose- 

 toothed: indusia shriveling at maturity. 

 E. Leaf-stalks naked, polished. 



virid§scen3, Kuntze. Lvs. 18-24 in. long, on stalks 

 two-third.s as long; lower pinnae largest: sori near the 

 midribs. Japan. 



EE. Leaf-stalks scaly, 



spinuldsa, Kuntze (Aspidium spinuldsiim, Sw.). 

 Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, with a few pale, deciduous scales 

 at the base : indusia smooth, without marginal glands. 

 Var. intermedia, Underw., has more persistent scales, 

 with a brown center, and the margins of the indusia 

 with stalked glands. One of our commonest wood ferns 

 in the northern states. -Var. dilatata, Underw., has 

 similar scales to the last and tripinnate lvs. In woods, 

 from Canada to Ore. ; also in Europe. 



Boattii, Underw. {Asplditim Sodtlii, Tuckm.). Lvs. 

 elongate-lanceolate, with broadly oblong pinnules : in- 

 dusia minutely glandular. Canada, N.Y. and N. Eng. 

 DDDD. Lvs. ample, 4-5-pinnatifid. 



elfilsa, Kuntze. Lvs. 3-4 ft. long, 2 ft. or more wide, 

 with polished stems and short, creeping rootstocks : 

 sori abundant, scattered, often without indusia. Cuba 

 to Brazil. 



diss^cta, Kuntze (Lastrea membranifdlia, Hort.). 

 Lvs. 1-5 ft. long, 1-3 ft. wide, membranous, decompound ; 

 segments broad and blunt; surfaces nearly naked: sori 

 near the margin, abundant. India and Madagascar to 

 Australia. 



AA. Veins not entirely free, the lower veinlets of adjoin- 

 ing segments united. 



Ot^ria, Kuntze (Lastrea aristdta, Hort.). Lvs. 1 ft. 

 long, with a long terminal pinnae an inch or more wide, 

 with lanceolate lolies, and 6-12 similar lateral pinuie; 

 ti-xture thin ; surfaces naked ; veins united half way 

 from the midrib to the edge. Ceylon to the Philippines. 

 — Good for table ferneries, but slow of growth. 



