DRYOPTERIS 



mdllis, Kuntze. Lvs. 1-2 ft. long, 8-12 in. wide, bipin- 

 natifld, the pinniB cut into blunt lobes; lower pinnae dis- 

 tant from the others and somewhat shorter ; surfaces 

 finely villose. Trop. regions of both hemispheres. 

 Probably several species are confused under this name. 



Philippin^nsia, Baker. Lvs. 2-3 ft. long, 12-18 in. wide, 

 bipinnatifld, smooth, with a naked rachis; lower pinuas 

 scarcely smaller: sori midway from midrib to margin, 

 with firm, smooth indusia. Philippines. 



L. M. Underwood. 



DUCHfiSNEA. See Fragaria. 



DUCK-WEED. Lemna. 



DUCKWHEAT. Some years ago, as the story goes, 

 a man in New England shot a wild duck, and in the 

 crop found strange seeds. These seeds were planted, 

 ahd the flour from the grain was found to make good 

 pancakes. He increased his stock to hundreds of 

 bushels. The grain was offered by seedsmen as Duck- 

 wheat. It seems not to have had great popularity, and 

 for the past 2 or :i yiars it ovi.ii-ntly has not appeared 

 in catalogues. It turns out tliat tliis grain is the India 

 wheat or Tartarian l.u.'kwii.at, Fugopyrum Tataricum, 

 an Asian grain, wliicli lias l.ci.u known in this country 

 for some time. It is earlier than buckwheat, but is very 

 similar to it. See Buckwheat and Fagopyrum.. 



DDDAIM MELON. See Cticumis. 



DUFOUB, JOHN JAMES. A Swiss vigneron, who was 

 at the head of a colony to grow the wine grape in Ken- 

 tucky, and the author of "Vine Dresser's Guide," pub- 

 lished in Cincinnati in 1826. The Kentucky experiment 

 failed, and the colouy then settled in southern Indiana, 

 on the banks of the Ohio river; and this settlement is 

 now the city of Vevay. Here Dufour died in 1827. This 

 Indiana experiment brought out the merits of the 

 Alexander grape, a native, and thereby did much to es- 

 tablish an American viticulture. For detailed account 

 of the Dufours and their associates, and the results of 

 their work, see Bailey, Evolution of our Native Fruits. 

 DUGUfiTIA (probably made from a personal name) . 

 AnOHciceas. A dozen South American trees differing 

 from Anona in technical characters, partictilarly in the 

 imbricated petals, which are wide-spreading in flower 

 (in Anona the petals are valvate). D. longiJdlia, Baill. 

 (Anbna longifdlia, Aubl.), is a small tree: lvs. oblong- 

 acuminate, mucronate and smooth : fls. axillary and 

 stalked, the 2 series of petals much alike; inflorescence 

 lateral; outer stamens sterile and petaloid: fr. ovate- 

 globose, dotted and reticulated, nearly smooth, flesh- 

 colored. Guiana and Peru. Recently introduced into 

 southern Florida as a fruit-plant, but very little known. 

 L. H. B. 

 DULlCHIUM (old Latin name). Ci/pericew. One 

 perennial species (7>. Spathctceum, Pers.), in eastern 

 N. Amer. Grass-like, with terete leafy culms, 2-3 ft. 

 tall: grows in ponds and swales. Has been offered by 

 collectors as a bog plant. 



DUBANTA (after Castor Durantes, physician and 

 botanist, died 1590). VerhenAceie, About 10 species of 

 tropical American shrubs, of which 2 kinds are culti- 

 vated outdoors in Florida and California, and in a few 

 northern greenhouses. The best known kind has long 

 racemes of blue, 5-lobed fls., followed by yellow berries 

 which remain aU winter. It is said to be used for orna- 

 mental hedges in warm regions. Shrubs, glabrous or 

 woolly, often armed with axillary spines: lvs. opposite 

 or in whorls, entire or toothed : racemes long and ter- 

 minal or short and axillary: fls. small, short-pedieelled 

 in the axis of a small bract; corolla limb of 5 spreading 

 oblique or equal lobes; stamens -1, didynamous. 

 A. Stems without prickles. 

 Pluml^ri, Jacq. Golden Dew Drop. Shrub, 6-15 ft. 

 high; branches ash-colored, villous: lvs. opposite, ellip- 

 tic, acute, entire or obtusely and unequally saw-toothed 

 above the middle: fls. pale blue or lil.-ic, with 2 purple 

 streaks down the middle of the 2 smaller and narrower 

 lobes. The above description is from B.R. 3:244, where 

 it is said that another plant was cultivated which had 

 long lanceolate lvs., with deep, close saw-teeth and green 

 branches. There is a white-fld. variety. 



DYPSIS OUW 



AA. Stems u'ith a feiv prickles or spines. 

 Elllsia, Jacq. This is at least horticulturally distinct 

 from the above by reason of the lighter color of its fls., 

 but it has been lately referred to J). Plumieri. B.M. 

 1759 shows the lower half of each lobe white, and a few 

 short spines on the stem. It adds, "two kinds [of 

 Duranta], one with thorns and one constantly without, 

 are * » * cultivated. The lvs. of the smooth are larger 

 and more coarsely serrated, and the branches more 

 rounded than in the prickly Duranta." \y. jm. 



; also species 



DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES. Dicentra Cucullaria. 

 DUTCHMAN'S FIFE is Aristolochia. 

 DUVAUA. A synonym of Schinus. 



D'i'CEIA (after Prince Salm-Dyck, German botanist, 

 and author of a great work on succulent plants). 

 BromelidcecB. About 57 species of succulent plants 

 from South America, somewhat resembling century 

 plants, but with smaller spines, as a rule, and flowering- 

 regularly. They are usually stemless, and the lvs. form 

 dense rijsettes. For culture, see Agave, They are 

 rarely cultivated in Florida and California, and in a few 

 northern collections. The following have showy yellow 

 fls. Latest monograph in Latin by C. Mez in DC. 

 Monogr. Phan. vol. 9 (1896). 



A. Inflorescence amply branched or panicUd. 



altissima, Lindl. Lvs. spiny at the margin : floral 

 bracts small, all manifestly shorter than the fls. Braz. 

 Baker's plant of this name is really D. enchoUrioides, 

 Mez, which is distinguished by the filaments. Beyond 

 the tube they are free in the tree D. altissima, while in 

 Baker's plant they are grown together about a twelfth 

 of an inch. The sepals are obtuse in Lindley's plant, but 

 acute in Mez' s. 



AA. Inflorescence not branched, a raceme or spike. 



B. Fls. with scarcely any pedicel; filaments forming 



a tube. 



rarifldra, Schult. Lvs. with small spines on the mar- 

 gin, shorter than in D. altissima : sepals not emargi- 

 nate at the apex : upper sheaths of the scape shorter 

 than the iuternodes. Braz. B.M. 3449. B.R. 21:1782. 



BB. Fls. 



c. Fls. loosely disposed, erect. 



gemelliria, Morr. This is the plant which Baker calls 

 I), sulphurea, not Koch's plant. 



cc. Fls. more densely disposed, spreading. 



sulphtkrea, C. Koch, not Baker. Lvs. with small spine* 

 at the margin: sheaths of the scape longer than the in- 

 temodes, the higher ones entire: bracts lanceolate, the 

 lowest conspicuously longer than the pedicelled fls.: 

 blades of the petals wide and longer than the stamens. 

 Brazil. 



•W. M. 



DYER'S "WEED. Reseda Luteola. 



D'tPSIS (obscure name). Palmctcem, tribe Arecew. 

 Perhaps half a dozen species of Madagascar palms that 

 have been poorly described and are little known. They 

 are all small, unarmed palms, with reed-like stems. Lvs. 

 terminal, entire, bifid at the apex or pinnatisect ; seg- 

 ments split at the apex or irregularly toothed, the apical 

 ones confluent: sheath short: spadices long, loosely fld.: 

 fruit siuall, oblong or ovoid, straight or curved, oblique 

 at the base. 



No species of Dypsis are common in cultivation, as 

 they possess but little beauty. They are among the 

 easiest and quickest to germinate. All of Them require 

 a stove temperature. If. Miulniiascnrieiisix, Nicholson, 

 is also known as Arcca M,uhui>,x,-an^nsis, Mart. D. 

 pinnalifrons. Mart. (.1. gracilis, Thou.,, is one of sev- 

 eral plants that have been known as Areea gracilis. It 

 is a pretty palm, now grown in large quantities by some 

 dealers. Jared G. Smith and G. W. Oliver. 



nOPEKTT LmURT 

 N, C. State College 



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