No. 4.] SANITARY MILK. 69 



hand, there are many things which can be done at a central 

 station and on a large scale to great advantage. All processes 

 capable of centralization I have placed in the second group. 



Dr. North's Method. 

 What the Farmer does. 



1. Cows, healthy. 



2. Cows, tuberculin tested. 



3. Cows, sound udders. 



4. Cows, not in calving period. 



5. Cowfeed, no strong flavors. 



6. Cowfeed, none unwholesome. 



7. Milkers, no contagious disease. 



8. Covered milking pails used. 



9. Milk cooled with ice water. 



What the Station does. 



1. Water supply pure. 



2. Dairy house superintendent. 



3. Dairy house employees. 



4. Dairy house employees, white uniforms. 



5. Dairy house room for washing. 



6. Dairy house room for sterilizing. 



7. Dairy house room for cooling and bottling. 



8. Dairy house laboratory. 



9. Dairy house apparatus for steam. 



10. Dairy house apparatus for power. 



11. Dairy house apparatus for washing and sterilizing. 



12. Dairy house apparatus for cooling and bottling. 



13. Dairy house apparatus for pails, cans, bottles. 



14. Ice supply abundant. 



During my experience of five years as a certified milk pro- 

 ducer I found, to my surprise, that milk containing numbers 

 of bacteria which were just as small as the numbers in my 

 certified milk, could be produced in my two old cow stables on 

 the premises, provided the milking was done into covered milk- 

 ing pails, which had been sterilized, and by men who were trained 

 to milk in a clean manner. The surroundings of the cow, and 

 even the condition of the cow herself, provided the udder was 

 reasonably clean, seemed to play only a minor part in the result. 



