No. 4.] CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 137 



methods, a long haul to storage, and rough handling in unloading and 

 storing are all to be avoided if cabbage is to be kept successfully 

 through the storage period. 



Insect Enemies and Diseases. 



The important enemies of the cabbage as a market-garden or farm 

 crop are the cabbage worms, wliich in some instances cause considerable 

 loss, the cabbage root maggot, and the cabbage "louse." 



Cabbage Worms. — The imported cabbage worm and some other 

 species of cabbage worms can be effectually controlled by the use of 

 (1) Paris green at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of water, -or (2) 

 arsenate of lead at the rate of 4 pounds to 50 gallons of water, sprayed 

 on the young plants before the heads are well formed. This treatment 

 should be repeated from time to time, as required, in order to protect 

 the plants. Where a few plants are to be treated insect powder or 

 pyrethrum is sometimes employed for the control of the insect by 

 dusting it upon the plants. 



Cabbage Root Maggots. — These insects sometimes cause considerable 

 damage and are difficult to combat. Tarred paper placed about the 

 bases of the stems prevents the flies from depositing their eggs. In- 

 jections of carbon bisulphid in the soil are effective in destroying 

 maggots, and another good remedy is found in carbolic acid emulsion, 

 made by dissolving 1 pound of soap in a gallon of boiling water and 

 adding a pint of crude carbolic acid. This mixture is then diluted 

 with thirty times its bulk of water, and poured around the bases of 

 the plants. 



The Cabbage Aphis. — Cabbage aphides or "lice" are controlled by 

 the use of contact insecticides, such as kerosene emulsion or whale- 

 oil soap. 



Clubroot. — Among the field troubles to which the cabbage is subject 

 none is of greater economic importance than clubroot. This disease 

 is peculiar in its method of attack and in the way in which it per- 

 petuates itself. The chief danger with this disease arises from the fact 

 that either the seed bed or the field may be infected and thus con- 

 taminate the crop. There is danger, then, in purchasing plants. 

 Infected plants purchased from a clubroot seed bed might be the 

 means of contaminating one's cabbage land with the disease. Club- 

 root is a persistent malady. It will remain in the soil for five to 

 seven years. Land so infected should not be used for cabbage, 

 turnips, rape, mustard or any other plant of the cabbage family. 

 The rotation of crops to the exclusion of all cabbage-like plants 

 for a term of years is the only safe way of ridding the land of 

 the disease. This applies with equal force to both seed bed and field. 

 There is no satisfactory remedy known except the following "don'ts: " — 



(1) Don't sow cabbage seed on soil infected with clubroot. 



(2) Don't plant plants grown in a clubroot-infected seed bed. 



(3) Don't use manure containing roots of cabbage infected with 



