No. 4.] REPORT OF STATE ORNITHOLOGIST. 203 



with fruit, nearly ready for gathering on August 28. There 

 are many grapevines of different kinds bordering the garden 

 walks. About these vines and trees 200 martins get much of 

 their food, and many other birds are attracted by the insects 

 about the place and by the bird houses that Mr. Jacobs puts 

 up. 



The winds from Winona Lake, at Winona, Ind., formerly 

 carried many mosquitoes into the community near by. 

 There were times when the pests were very annoying to 

 crowds that gathered in the auditorium of the assembly to 

 listen to Lyceum entertainments. Mr. Isaac W. Brown of 

 Rochester, an ornithologist, made the suggestion that the 

 assembly build homes for the purple martins, arguing that 

 a large colony of these birds would soon reduce the mosquito 

 pest. Mr. Albert E. Andrews states in " Our Dumb Ani- 

 mals " that hundreds of these birds are now at Winona Lake 

 every summer, and that the mosquitoes have disappeared. 



Bird Reservations or Sanctuaries. 



A recent development in bird protection is the tendency 

 to establish bird refuges, reservations, or sanctuaries, as they 

 are called, where all useful birds may be protected. 



The good results of the work done by Baron Von 

 Berlepsch at his estate at Seebach, Thuringia, have attracted 

 the attention of European governments, and in many cases 

 his methods have been imitated. Mr. Henry Oldys states in 

 " Current Items of Interest," 'No. 12, published by the 

 Audubon Society of the District of Columbia, that in the 

 government forests of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 9,. 300 

 nesting boxes have been placed for the birds, which are re- 

 ported to utilize them each year. Old trees in the crown 

 forests are left standing by goA^ernmental direction, in order 

 that natural nesting places in hollow trunks and limbs may 

 be retained. The federal States of Germany are providing 

 in parks, woodlands and public reservations comforts and 

 conveniences for the feathered tenants of the trees, pruning 

 and cultivating trees and bushes to furnish attractive nesting 

 places, and fashioning winter feeding houses. 



