TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT. 19 



ing " with all found " ; for then most of the cash wages 

 can be put away by a careful man, because there is 

 little requiring money except clothes, and these, if care- 

 fully kept and mended, may last a long time. It some- 

 times fortunately happens that two young people 

 who have been in service at the same farm may each 

 save a little and get married, and their combined savings 

 may form a nucleus of capital to start with. The smaller 

 farms will afford more opportunity, perhaps, than large 

 ones for learning various duties ; and thus they become, 

 so to speak, the nursing grounds for the " all-round 

 man," who in his turn, perhaps, makes the best " bud- 

 ding farmer." 



Of the conditions of employment in Yorkshire and 

 Lincolnshire, Mr. Wilson Fox has published some interest- 

 ing notes. He says : 



" In Yorkshire the conditions of engagement vary con- 

 siderably. Unmarried men are frequently hired by the 

 year or half-year, the yearly term being the general one, 

 and are usually lodged and boarded (' meated ' is the ex- 

 pression sometimes used) in the farmhouses ; but in some 

 districts, notably in the East Riding, they are also lodged 

 and boarded in the houses of the married foremen, who in 

 the East Riding and in the south part of the North Riding 

 are called ' hinds.' Most of the unmarried men in charge 

 of horses, and unmarried cattlemen, are engaged on these 

 terms. In some districts, on farms where unmarried 

 foremen are employed, there are also hired men who lodge 

 and board in the farmhouses. Women for farmhouse 

 work, in some districts, are also hired, and lodge and board 

 in the farmhouses. On the large farms, particularly on the 

 Yorkshire wolds, there are often first and second waggoners, 

 and usually a foreman (or hind) in addition. In such cases 

 the foreman is usually a married man living in a cottage. 

 In addition to work on the farm, the waggoners in such 

 districts go out with the waggons for the delivery of corn 

 to the railway or market towns and for fetching artificial 

 manures, feeding stuffs, etc. On the large farms, both the 

 first and second waggoner are for this purpose frequently 

 sent out together, each with a team of horses. The other 

 men who go with horses on the land are usually called 

 second, third, or fourth plough lads, whose age usually 

 ranges from fourteen to eighteen years. Foremen do not, 

 generally speaking, go with horses or attend to them. 

 When the foreman is absent the first waggoner is in com- 



