TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT. 21 



the week. But foremen and men in charge of animals 

 (shepherds, horsemen or waggoners, and stockmen or 

 ' garthmen ') are engaged by the year. These classes are 

 generally called ' confined men.' Single men are usually 

 hired yearly at fairs, but married men are generally engaged 

 privately, often through advertisements. The married 

 men live on the farms in cottages, which they always have 

 free, with gardens. The unmarried men seldom lodge 

 with the farmer, but generally with the foreman or ' seeds- 

 man/ who receives from his employer a weekly cash pay- 

 ment for the board of each, or else a smaller cash payment 

 and an allowance of pork, potatoes, or other food, and beer. 

 Occasionally the men receive more cash and find their own 

 food. The ' seedsman ' in Lincolnshire is so called because 

 he usually follows and controls the drill in seed time, and 

 is next to the foreman in command on large farms. In cases 

 where a farmer has several farmsteads in his occupation, 

 the seedsman takes a certain number of confined men into 

 the house on the same conditions as the foreman on the 

 chief farmstead. There are more confined men in North 

 Lincolnshire than in the southern part of the county, 

 because in the northern districts the farms are larger and 

 require the supervision of foremen, and because more sheep 

 and cattle are kept on them, a condition of things which 

 necessitates the attendance of confined men. Moreover, 

 many of the farmsteads on the wolds are a long distance 

 from villages, and it is consequently for the convenience 

 both of the employer and of the men that the latter should 

 live on the farms." 



