DISCOVERY 



153 



Finally, in .iny attempt to characterise the various 

 tvpes of place-name work that have been undertaken, 

 mention should be made of the fact that Professor 

 W'yld and his pupils (in their books on the Place-Names 

 of Oxfordshire, Derbyshire, Nollinghamshire, and Sussex) 

 write definitely and exclusively from a philological point 

 of view. They leave for later settlement by the his- 

 torian and the topographer the question as to whether 

 their explanations are in accord with the facts of history 

 or topography. Whether that is wise we need not 

 discuss here. All that we need say is that, in the light 

 of this wider knowledge, there is no doubt that many 

 of the explanations now given will have eventually to 

 be abandoned. 



Side by side with place-name study there has de- 

 veloped, as its necessary concomitant, studj' of our 

 personal names. A large proportion of our place-names 

 are, so far as their main theme is concerned, derived 

 from the names of their sometime settlers, owners, or 

 occupiers, and these can only be properly identified 

 when we know more of the history of our personal 

 names. The late Dr. Searle compiled an Onomasticon 

 containing a list of all Old English names found before 

 iioo, but it is essentially unscientific, and included 

 many names that are not English at all, and a good 

 many ghost-names. Much has been done to remedy 

 this by Scandinavian scholars. The late Professor 

 Bjorkman, of Uppsala, did brilliant work on Old and 

 Middle English names of Scandinavian origin in his 

 Nordische Personennamcn in England and Zitr Englischen 

 Namenkunde. Two of his pupils have dealt very 

 thoroughly with other themes — Dr. Forssner with 

 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England, and 

 Dr. Redin with Uncompounded Personal Names in Old 

 English. 



One other subsidiarj- study must be mentioned. A 

 large proportion of the forms on which we are dependent 

 for our work are preserved in documents — Charter 

 Rolls, Patent Rolls, and the Uke — written by official 

 scribes who were much better skilled in Anglo-French 

 or in Latin than in Enghsh. The student of these 

 documents is greatly hampered by the strange vagaries 

 in the spelling, and even in the pronunciation, of place- 

 names which have resulted from this. Scandinavia 

 has again come to the rescue in the person of Dr. R. E. 

 Zachrisson, whose book on Anglo-Norman Influence on 

 English Place-Names must be the vade-mecum of anyone 

 who attempts to take up these studies. 



Here, then, we have a record of experiment on various 

 different lines, of much essential preliminary spade- 

 work in allied fields of study, and, at least on the face 

 of things, a goodly record of definite accomplishment. 

 Let us consider briefly what remains to be done if work 

 on English place-names is to be carried to a successful 

 'conclusion. 



[Continued on p. 154 



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AIR MINISTRY 



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