DISCOVERY 



345 



two words which arc of special interest, fcr-ru-m, "iron," 

 literally "the hard substance," that is "iron ore"; 

 compare Marsian her-na, "stone," for, as we have 

 seen, there is good reason to believe that the north- 

 em race brought the use of iron into Italy ; and 

 fordicidia, the name of a festival — on April 15 — 

 marked in the Sabine Calendar of Numa, pure Latin 

 hordicidia.^ 



Yet another interesting case is the change of Indo- 

 European d- to /- in Sabine, although it remained 

 unchanged in Latin. The stream which flowed past 

 Horace's Sabine farm is naturally called by him by 

 the name it had over its lower course in Latin territory, 

 the Digcntia ; but by the Sabines, who Uved nearer 

 its source, it must have been called Ligentia, since 

 its name on the spot is still at this day Licenza. 

 Odor is the polite Latin word for " scent, fragrance," 

 formed (like splendor from splendere) from a verb 

 odi-re ; but this Latin verb was at some time displaced 

 by the Sabine form olere, used by farmers, and referring 

 to farmyard smells. 



Enough has been said to show that Latin differed 

 considerably from Sabine. The Latin language, there- 

 fore, must have been the language of the conquered 

 Plebeians, not of the conquering Patricians. It was 

 always called the lingua Latina ; yet the people who 

 spoke it was the populus Romanics, more fully, as 

 _we have seen, the populus Romanus Quiritium, a d e- 

 scription which embraces the old and the new elements 

 in the population. 



One of the districts of Rome, the uicus Cipriiis, or 



_Cyprius, derived its name from the Sabine word for 



" good." And the haughty Patrician family of the 



Ciaudii were descended from a Sabine who, as we read 



jn^Livy, on his migration to Rome was welcomed by 



the Patricians in a way which shows that they must 



have been in the main Sabine themselves. 



_ On many sides, therefore, we have excellent reasons 



_for believing the tradition of a Sabine settlement at 



Rome, and further for identifying the Sabines there 



with the Patricians. We may surely go further, and 



see in the incorporation of this hardy stock, with its 



Strict way of hfe, one of the strongest factors which 



made Rome the mistress of the world : 



" Hanc olim ueteres uitam coluere Sabini, 

 . . . sic fortis Etruria creuit, 

 Scilicet et rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma 

 Septemque una sibi muro circumdedit arces." 



(" This was the life led by the Sabines of old . . . so 

 Etruria grew bold, and Rome with her seven citadels 



• I hope shortly to publish elsewhere a note on the 

 etymology ol this word. 



[Continued on p. 346 



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