discovi:hy 



in Continental countries. The list before me includes 

 about a thousand of this class. Here are a few which' 

 are registered by the N.E.D. as occurring in (mostly 

 archaic) language : 



Surname Record. 

 John drinkwater (Hundred Rolls, 1273). 

 Leofric likcdich (Ramsey Cartulary, 



1114-19). 

 Gregory makepais (Leicester Records, 



Iil9). 

 Thomas pyclok (Patent Rolls, 1338-40). 

 John ratellebagge (Hundred Rolls, 1273). 

 Robert scatergod (Cockersand Cartulary, 



1200-26). 

 Walter sparegod (Hundred Rolls, 1273). 



Alexander spillecause (ibid.). 



N.E.D. Record 

 drinkwater 1641 

 lickdish I44<3 



(= parasite) 

 makepeace 13 16 



picklock 1553 



rattlebag 1728 



scattergood 1577 



(= prodigal) 

 sparegood 161 1 



(= miser) 

 spillcause 1566 



(= marplot) 



Sometimes a surname of this type throws light on the 

 antiquity of a verb, e.g. the N.E.D. does not record the 

 verb to drain till 1538, but Simon draneland lived in 

 the Cambridgsshire fens in 1273 (Hundred Rolls). 

 The colloquial verb to lump (like it or lump it) is re- 

 corded for 1577, but Matilda lumppejoye, apparently 

 the opposite of the existing Lovejoy, is in the Patent 

 Rolls for 1307-13. The N.E.D. has (15S6) the odd 

 compound break-dance in the sense of turbulent. 

 William brekedaunce is in the Patent Rolls for 1330-4. 

 The phrase " to turn a penny " is first recorded for 

 1546, but Matilda tornepeni is in the Hundred Rolls, 

 1273. The name of Nicholas turncotel in the Ramsey 

 Cartulary, 1252, where cotel is an old diminutive form 

 of coat, suggests that turncoat itself must be older than 

 the N.E.D. record of 1557. The phrase " to drink at 

 pin," referring to the pegs which marked the measures 

 in large tankards, is not found earlier than 1655. 

 William drinkepin is in the Ramsey Cartulary, 1206. 

 Even fareivell, as the surname of Robert farewel (Close 

 Rolls, 1242-7), is more than a century earlier than the 

 N.E.D. record (1374). 



In the list before me are fifty-five compounds of 

 -head, some of which, e.g. Broadhead, \\'hitehead, are 

 still fairly common. Few of these are in the N.E.D., 

 though many of the corresponding adjectives are 

 recorded, e.g. broad-headed (1530), with which cf. 

 Emma brodhevid (Durham Eyre Rolls, 1243). It is 

 curious to compare the modern fathead (N.E.D. 1S42) 

 with John ffathevit (Cockersand Cartulary, 1220). 

 Redhead is common as a surname from the thirteenth 

 century, though not recorded by the N.E.D. till 1664, 

 and Adam rudipat (Fines Rolls, 1199-1216) is a cen- 

 tury earlier than the first hitherto known occurrence 

 of the simple pate (c. 1305). Armful is not given, in 

 any sense, by the N.E.D. till 1579. Adam fayrarmful 

 is in the Lane. Assize Rolls for 1246-7. Body, in 

 the sense of person (cf. busybody), dates from 1279. 



Eustace frebodi is in the Leicester Records for 1206-7. 

 Corresponding to the adjectives leather-mouthed (N.E.D. 

 i6$;i),sueet-mouthed{ibid., 1611), fair-haired (ibid., 1626), 

 long-legged {ibid., i^go), good-hearled {ibid., 1552), brown- 

 eyed {ibid. , i<S65) , we find the names of Alan lethermouth 

 (Patent Rolls, 1330-4), William swetemouth (Freemen 

 of York, 1346-7), John fayerher (Patent Rolls, 1258- 

 66), Geoffrey godherte (Close Rolls, 1204-24). John 

 bruneye (Patent Rolls, 1313-17). The first N.E.D. 

 record of flaxen, applied to the hair, is from Shake- 

 speare (Hamlet, iv. v. 196) ; but cf. Richard flaxenne- 

 hed (Hundred Rolls, 1273), Hugo flaxenebert, i.e. beard 

 {ibid.). Of the hundreds of such formations enu- 

 merated in Miss Pilkington's thesis, only a very 

 few have been granted the hospitality of the N.E.D. 

 Here are a few with contrasted dates : 



Surname Record. 

 John boleheved (Hundred Rolls, 1273). 



William gidyheved (City Letter-Books, 



1327-77)- 

 Richard greyberd (Hundred Rolls. 1273). 

 Henry pinkeneye (ibid). 



Henry millemuth (Northumb .Assize 

 Rolls, 1279). 



William chericheke (Patent Rolls, 1323-7). 

 Thomas shepeshank (Close Rolls, 1223-7). 

 Adam spindelschanke (NonWch Records, 



1269). 

 Boidinus lighfot (Close Rolls, 1224-7). 

 Peter rabayn (Patent Rolls, 1321-4). 



Out of a large number of compound costume-names 

 I will take only two obsolete terms familiar to students 

 of Chaucer. Sir Thopas wore " jambeaux," i.e. leg- 

 armour, of quyrboilly, a material of boiled leather 

 (French cuir bouilli), and the Clerk of Oxenford had a 

 threadbare courtepy, i.e. short pea (jacket). Both 

 words are a little older than Chaucer. The first is in 

 Barbour (1375), the second in Langland (1362). But 

 William curbuill (Percy Cartulary, c. 1240) and Henry 

 curtcpie (Patent Rolls, 125S-66) point to a probably 

 much greater antiquity of both. 



Among nicknames taken from animals, birds occupy 

 the chief place. Some of the compounds, e.g. Sparrow- 

 liawk, Nightingale, Woodcock, are of Anglo-Saxon 

 origin, but there are also many which appear to be 

 of Middle English formation. The following occur, 

 among others, as surnames : 



