DISCOVERY 49 



which is really a typewriter controlled in an ingenious 



_^'y^'^QJYJ^g^'t;jQ PniltllliJ of ^'''^y entirely by the position of the holes in the per- 

 forated strip. In this machine the holes in the paper 



YY t|-plgcc JVTgSS3.^GS ' constituting the dots and dashes of, say, the letter F, 



^ operate a lever which causes the letter F of the type- 



One of the recent developments in wireless telegraphy writer to fall on a second strip of paper so that the 



which is of more interest and importance to the letter is printed in Roman type. In this way all 



general public than most, is the automatic printing of the letters and spacings in their Morse Code form are 



wireless messages in Roman type, a demonstration of translated into letters and spacings in Roman type, 



which was given recently by Mr. A. A. Camipbell and so it is that a message sent out in Morse Code 



Swinton to the Roval Society of Arts. It is interest- from one town is received printed in words at another, 



ing to recall that in January 1914 Mr. Swinton sug- T'g- i ^iU help to make this clear. The very 



gested that before long we might have a telegraph- smaU holes along the centre of the strip of paper are 



printing-machine operated by wireless " in every merely for the purpose of ensuring the regular motion 



house, teUing the latest news to all the nation, as of the strip through the instruments and have nothing to 



also to the newspapers, should any of these continue do with the signals which are denoted by the large holes, 



to survive the competition of this much more rapid It will be seen by comparison with the Morse signals 



method of disseminating intelligence." He thought, (^) or (c) that a dot is denoted by two holes vertically 

 in other words, that it would soon be practical to 

 operate " wirelessly " the telegraph-printing-machines 



which for years have been familiar occupants of * ' . . — . . —^ • • • « — • > -^ . • 



London clubs and hotels. It is clear that if this could (c) ^ _j\jy — <j\j\} — inJl—TLIJ — iTLSii — mn 

 be done, there would be a great saving, not only in 

 first cost and in expense of upkeep, but also because 



there would be no practical limit to the number of „ „ , „, „ „ « ••• 



stations that could receive signals simultaneously * ' •»•*•*••'••''•••'•*••'••' 



from a single sending-station, so that it would cost 



no more to send to a thousand stations than to one. 



To some such an idea of the universal distribution of 



news might at the time have appeared fantastic, and F L F L 



may do so even now, but at any rate for an area ^„, Lcit„, i„ „dmary type. 



comprising the British Isles and Western Europe it l») Dots and i^isUes in Morse code as represented i» the usual way. 



■Kl 4-V,' ^''^ "^^^ same "dots" and "dashes" recorded on a strip of paper. 



IS now a possible tiling. I^j TI,^ 5^,„e signals punched on a strip of paper by the Creed receiver. 



It is well known that instruments connected to W The letters printed by Uie creed printer from the strip of paper above it. 



telegraph wires for printing messages are in daily ., j u u i. j- u i 



'^. ^ ^ ,,, Ti over one another ; a dash by two corresponding holes 



use in newspaper offices and elsewhere. It is also . ,. , , ., 



V • , , , J • inclined to one another, 



well known that wireless messages can be recorded in „. , , , u t i.u \ ,. r a 



," , , Fig. 2 shows a photograph of the complete Creed 



various optical and mechanical wavs, and even by an . . * „ ' 1 <. j 1 1 tu 



^ , , , , . receiving apparatus. To understand clearly the 



instrument analogous to a phonograph, but the , , ■, , .t 1 • xu j i. 



, , , . , , „ ^''^^ ' , • ,, details of the working, the reader must see one m 



ingenious method designed by Mr. r. G. Creed is the , , . ir t i ■ r .lu 1 • • -^ 



. ^ , , , ^ . .^ . , operation for himself. In brief, the working is as 



hrst to be adapted to printing wireless messages. . ,, —, ^ u *. • c 4. * i„t j 



^ , , , , f T , . follows : The message to be sent is first translated 



Suppose a message be telegraphed from London to . ., /- , u i,- c i. a ,4.,;„ 



^^ ^ ■ r-, rr , , T. • .X mto Morsc Code by punching a perforated strip 



a newspaper office m Sheffield. It is sent out of course , ^ -..u ^ .,;*„- i,«,. 



. ^, ^ ,. ,, ^ J r J X J 1 u ^u of paper in an apparatus with a typewriter key- 



in the ordinary Morse Code of dots and dashes ; these , , t-u • ■ t.u t ^ /j\ ^t v^rr -r 



, , .-^ , , , , . , board. The message is now in the form (a) of rig. i. 



dots and dashes may be recorded by an instrument _, . ... . , ,, , ,, „ ., •, 



,,, , . c-r- re ,j ^- X. ■ .1 u This paper-Strip is next passed through the transmit 



(the receiver) at Sheffield which receives them by instrument, which sends out impulses of electric 



punchmg smaU holes in a moving strip of paper, this ^J^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 



bemg simply one of several- ways in which telegraphic _,, , ., •i„i„„ „„„»o^t 

 ° ^ ■' . , ^, ■'. , ° ^ These impulses actuate a special sending contact- 

 messages are received. The strip of paper may next , ,. , , . ,, . , 



^,, , ,,-,. -.1 maker w^hich sends out the wireless waves, 



be passed through a second machine (the printer) . ^ ^, • • 1 ^i, • 1 „,i „„ k„ ^ 



^ ° ^ ^ ' At the receiving end the waves are picked up by a 



I References: Journal of the Royal Society 0/ Arts. Decern- therm ionic- valve receiver.^ Their effect is amplified 



ber 3, 19^0, pp. 24-36 (G. Bell & Son is.)- Nature Decern- ^^ ingenious arrangement of valves. Impulses 



ber 9, 1920. pp. 472-4 (Macmillan, is.) ; Wireless Telegraphy -i ° ,-,, ^ t ^t. ■ ■ 



and Telephony p. 150, by H. M. Dowsett (Wireless Press, of current are thus supphed to part of the receiving 



los. 6d.) . * Described in Discovery, January 1921, p. 12. 



