ISiS.I 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



157 



adaptation ; all pervaded by an ideality, which appertains to the 

 subject — an intimate connection (permeation) of the real and ideal. 

 We have to insist on compositions, clear, free, and well-combined : 

 in fine, the preiionderance of the art-sco])e ; — viz., to hrinfi the 

 beautiful and sublime into external existence, and thereby to 

 awaken ait-feeliiijj-s— viz., feelinijs of serenity, elevation, and con- 

 tentment. We cannot foresro to express our opinion, tliat great 

 rdltjion.-i l)uildinirs can and will never be conceived but by men pos- 

 sessing those feelings in an eminent degree. The complication 

 of estimates and business can liardly be avoided now-a-days ; l)ut 

 composition and inspiration can alone produce huge structures, 

 worthy and able to inspire the people— a, sentiment they cannot any 

 longer be kept without. 



J . L V. 



RCGISTJBR OP WEAV PATENTS. 



LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES. 



James Pearso.v, of New North-terrace, Saint David's, Exeter, 



for " certain Improvements in locomotive engines and carriages" 

 —Granted October 7, 1847; Enrolled April 7, 1848. 



Fig. 2. 



This invention applies to several parts of locomotive-engines 

 and carriages. One part consists in the form of the boiler, which 

 is made with the fire-box in the middle jiart of the boiler, instead 

 of being at one end. The general outline of the boiler is such as 

 would be formed if two locomotive boilers of the ordinary con- 

 struction were placed end to end with their two fire-boxes about 

 four or five feet apart, and then the parts of the fire-boxes below 

 the fire-door were joined together by an additional piece of fire- 

 Ijox, so as to connect the two ends together into one large fire-box 

 in the middle of the boiler with a chimney at each end (fig. 1) ; 

 or the boilers may be entirely separate and distinct, that is to say, 

 having two entirely separate and distinct fire-boxes butting against 

 one anotlier, and having water and steam communications common 

 to both, but which may be shut off from either boiler at pleasure. 

 The axle of tlie driving-wheels is placed in the middle of the 

 boiler, above part of the fire-box and below tlie foot-plate, so 

 that any desired amount of weight of the engine may be brought 

 upon the driving-wheels, and at the same time the centre of gravity 

 may be kept very low. The axles of the trailing-wheels are placed 

 below the cylindrical part of the boiler, and two pairs of these are 

 placed in one swivel-frame at one end, and two pairs in a similar 

 frame at the other end. The two frames are coupled together by 

 two tension-rods R, (fig. 2). Near the ends of these rods r, are 

 placed springs s, made of vulcanised india-rubber, and beyond 

 these springs are nuts to confine them. The use of these springs is 

 to allow each swivel-frame to adjust itself to any inequality of the 



road, and to bring it back to the straight position when the road is 

 even. The swivel centre-pin p, is fitted into a socket q, which is 

 allowed to slide a little endways in guides g, to allow for expansion 

 and irregularities, and the holes in the links l, are made oblong for 

 the same reason, and that the links may pull instead of pushing. 

 The boiler and engines are supported on a long upper frame f, whidi 

 is attached to the lower swivel-frames by the two centre-pins p, h, 

 and by the links l, at the end of the engine. The whole forming 

 one compound swivel-frame. 



The coke-box a, «, is placed on the top of tlie boiler. The 

 water-tank may be on a separate tender, or may be placed between 

 the coke-box and the boiler, or attached in any other convenient 

 way. The two steam-heads may be connected at such a height as 

 is convenient to leave head-room for the engine-man. 



Anotlier part of the invention consists in the application of an 

 exhausting-fan in tlie smoke-box to draw the heated air through 

 the tubes of the boiler, and to discharge it either up the chimney, 

 as shown in fig. 1, or, if preferred, it may be again returned as hot 

 blast into the furnace. This fan will allow the use of waste steam- 

 pipes of a large size direct from the cylinder into the open air, and 

 so avoid the great pressure on the back of the piston when the 

 ordinary blast-pipes are used. The fan or fans may be driven by 

 bands from pulleys on any of the wheels or axles, or by a small 

 engine fixed on the side of the boiler, which may also if required 

 work the feed pumps. The fans if driven by pulleys must each 

 have two pairs of pulleys and suitable 

 clutches, one pair driven by an open 

 strap, and the other pair by a crossed 

 strap, so as to drive the fans always in 

 the same direction, whichever way the 

 engine may be going. The clutch-gear 

 may be attached to the engine reversing- 

 gear if required. 



Another part of the improvements 

 relates to coupled locomotive engines, 

 in which arrangement the compound 

 swivel-frame is ado])ted. There are 

 other improvements mentioned, but they 

 are merely variations of those already 

 explained. The patentee does not claim 

 the invention of swivel or " bogie" 

 frames generally, but his claims are, the 

 compound swivel-frame, with coupling- 

 rod, provided with elastic springs or 

 cushions, and the various attachments to 

 the upper frame ; the form of boiler ; 

 the use of exhausting-fans for obtaining 

 strong draught ; and the compound 

 swivel-frame, connected by rods with 

 elastic cushions, and provided with 

 guides and end links, as above de- 

 scribed. 



CHRIMES' PATENT FIRE-COCK. 



The accompanying engraving (one-third the full size) of a fire- 

 cock or valve, is a substitute for the ineffective wood plug, now in 

 use in service mains. AVhen under constant high-pressure, it forms a 

 substitute for fire-engines, as in cases of fire it can be brought into 

 almost instant operation, without that loss of time and waste of 

 water which the use of the wood plug involves. It can be also ex- 

 peditiously, cheaply, and most effectually applied to the watering 

 and thorough cleansing of streets, courts, alleys, public buildings, 

 windows, &c. ; and in railway stations, to almost every use for 

 which a free supply of water is required, including supplying 

 engine-tenders, cleansing carriages; and it is also adapted for 

 watering gardens and pleasure-grounds, and by the application of 

 suitable outlets, for syringing fruit-trees. It is especially adapted 

 for high-pressure supplies, as from the circumstance of the valve 

 part of it being closed by the pressure of the water, the higher 

 such pressure becomes, the more is the tightness of the valve 

 secured, and effectual safety from leakage insured. One great 

 advantage it has over the ordinary fire-plug is, that the stand-pipe 

 with the hose can be placed on to the valve without the escape of 

 any water, although the mains may be charged with water at a higli 

 pressure. 



By the present system, unless a cock is attached to the branch 

 of a fire-plun- a great loss of time unavoidably occurs in removing 

 the wood plug, as the water has to be turned off the mam pipe 



