212 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



LAUGUST, 



The traffic realised on the above lines in ISiS was as follows : — 



Altogether, 



* Partially opened. 



The results are as follows : — 



10,868,503 2,751,180 



Estimated traffic on 851 miles, 

 Realised traffic, 1845, 



PnssengerB, 



4,135,836 



10,868,503 



Goods. Tons. 

 1,038,504 

 2,751,180 



Excess over estimates, .. 6,732,667 1,712,676 



Increase per cent. .. 160 170 



In Mr. Brown's book on a length of 702 mUes the same increase 

 of per centage is shown, namely, 160 per cent, ou passengers, and 

 170 on goods. 



The whole traffic in 1845 was 33,791,2534 passengers, and of 

 goods, &c. 11,600,000 tons. Supposing the proportions to be the 

 same, the number of passengers carried in 1845 more than was 

 provided with means of conveyance before the existence of railways 

 was 20,800,000, and the number of tons of goods conveyed w.as 

 7,200,000. Thus the railways not only accommodated the full 

 number of passengers for whom conveyances already existed, but 

 carried the above enormous number in addition, besides a great 

 quantity of goods. It will be found that this calculation is, how- 

 ever, far from representing the amount of accommodation now 

 aiforded. 



Taking the later returns, where they are available, we shall find 

 the increase still greater, as in 1846 for instance: — 



Name. 

 Midland, 



Manchester and Leeds, 

 York and North Midland, and Hull and 

 London and Brighton, 

 London and South Eastern, 

 Great North of England, 

 Great Western, &c. ., 



Lancaster and Preston, 

 Glasgow and Ayr, 

 London and Cambridge, .. 

 Dundee and Arbroath, 

 Sheffield and Manchester, 



Passengers. 



2,468,110 



2,157,173 



Selby, 933,514 



971,081 

 1,074,730 



239,587 

 2,757,193 



162,012 

 1,091,371 



922,413 



317,092 

 1,604,227 



Goods. 

 900 

 522 

 370 



93 

 116 

 433 

 300 



25 

 293 

 110 



21 

 135 



Tons. 

 ,895 

 ,177 

 ,414 

 ,407 

 ,385 

 .867 



000 



585 



304 



348 



059 

 ,000 



3,530,441 



13,718,503 



In 1847 there were separate returns from some of these lines, 

 as the following : — 



Name. Passengers, 



Great Western, &c. .. .. 2,870,222 



Glasgow and Ayr, 

 Lancaster and Preston, 

 Dundee and Arbroath, 

 Sheffield and Manchester, 

 South Eastern, 



992,096 

 106,475 

 360,194 



1,569,707 

 1,477,892 



Goods. Tons. 

 371,326 

 397,515 

 22,054 

 22,354 

 218,740 

 204,100 



The increase over the estimates on the traffic of 1846 is still 

 greater than on 1845. 



Passengers. Goods. Tons. 



Estimated traffic, .. 4,135,836 1,038,504 



Realised traffic, 1846, .. 13,718,503 3,530,441 



Excess over estimates. 

 Increase per cent.. 



The traffic on these lines stands as follows : — 



Estimated 

 Realised, 1845, 

 1846, 



The lines for which there are separate returns in 1847 are as 

 follows : — 



Great Western, &c., 

 Glasgow and Ayr, 

 Lancaster and Preston, 

 Dundee and .\rl)roath, 

 Sheffield and Manchester, 

 South Eastern, 



297J miles. 

 The traffic stands thus — 



Passengers, Gondi. Tons. 



Estimated .. .. 2,378,995 529,618 



Realised 1845, .. .. 5,138.041 604,641 



1846, .. .. 7,006.625 891,333 



1847, .. .. 7.382,586 1.236,081 



The actual increase of traffic depends upon the length of time 

 given for its development, beginning at 160 per cent, and going up 

 to 230 per cent., and in the case of the selected raUways even more. 

 Taking the increased accommodation to passengers atl 60 percent., 

 this would give the following as the increased number of travellers 

 provided with travelling accommodation in each year : — 



1844, .. 17,400 000 



1845, .. 20,800,000 



1846, .. 27,000,000 



1847, .. 30,000,000 



If the proportion be taken at 200 per cent., the number accom- 

 modated by railvvav for whom no accommodation was before pro- 

 vided, would be 34,000,000. 



The following shows the proportion of traffic on railways in each 

 year for which accommodation by coach, &c. was provided, and for 

 which no accommodation by coach, &c. was provided :— 



Travellers from ^ew 



old coaches, &c. Travellers. 



1844, 10,300,000 17,400,000 



1845, 12,900,000 20,800,000 



1846, 16,000,000 27,000,000 



1847, 21,000,0u0 30.000,000 

 Reckoning that each passenger is on the average carried 20 



miles, each male adult in this country will be carried that distance 

 six times in the year, — an extent of accommodation which must 

 have a great effect on trade and on the distribution of labour. 



It appears from the averages given in the returns of tlie Railway 

 Department, that there has been a still further reduction in fares 

 on most of the lines, and an increase in the average speed per niUe. 



The total increase on each class of passengers is as follows : — 



It is to be observed that these figures cannot be absolutely relied 

 on, as the proportions of each class cannot be fully shown, on 

 account of tlie confused state of the returns published by the Rail- 

 way Department. 



The total increase on each class of passengers between 1844 and 

 1847 has been as follows : — 



1st class, 

 2nd class, 

 3rd class. 

 Altogether, 

 This is probably more than the 



1825, and it shows at any rate that 



in the accommodation given to tlie 

 The number of first, second, and 



on the leading lines was : — 

 Name. 



London and North Western, 1, 



South Eastern, 



Midland, 



London and Blackwall, 



Lancashire and Yorkshire, 



Great Western, 



London and Brighton, 



Dublin and Kingstown, 



Eastern Counties, 



South Western, 



Manchester and Sheffield, 



York and Newcastle, . . 



York and North Midland, 



Newcastle and Berwick, 



Edinburgh and Glasgow, 



1,697,382 



6,463,602 



14,267,718 



23,588,561 



whole traffic of the country in 

 there has been a great increase 

 working classes. 

 third class passengers in 1847 



