184«.J 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



by the 1st July, 1848. Mr. Thompson acted as the superintenden 

 to the contractors, and Mr. Curlieu on behalf of Mr. Locke, the en 

 gineer. The length of the new line is nearly 2i miles. The first quarter 

 of a mile is carried over an emhankment; then snccceds a viaduct, con- 

 •isting of six massive iron girder bridges, and 300 arches (exclusive of 

 those forming the present station in the Walerloo-road). These arches, 

 which are expected to form a very considerable item in the receipts of the 

 company, have been so carefully constructeil, as to be easily applicable 

 to various purposes, and their perpetual dryness has been insured by the 

 application of the Seyssel asphalle, which has rendered them impervious to 

 wet. There are four distinct lines of rail, and the quantity of iron alone 

 consumed in laying down what is technically called the ' metals,' is at least 

 1200 tons, independently of about 800 tons weight consumed in the erection 

 of the bridges. In the construction of tlie viaduct and station of the Water- 

 loo-road, upwards of 80,000,000 of bricks have been consumed ; and the 

 present terminus, which is all on arches, covers a space of three-quarters of 

 an acre of ground, its viidth being 260 feet. The major part of the present 

 terminus has been coaled with Claiidge's asphalte, so that the arches on 

 which it rests may with safety be made use of as storehouses, &c. To the 

 present terminus in the Waterloo-road there are no less than four approaches 

 for carriages and foot-passengers, the pedestrians having in each approach 

 footpaths 8 feet in width. The stations at both Wateiloo-road and 

 Vauxhall are only temporary. The fares on the main line are increased 

 28 follows :— First class, 6d. ; second class, 4d. ; third class, 2d. The Nine 

 Elms station is now closed entirely to passenger traffic." 



STEAM-ENGINE GOVERNORS. 



"We give the following extract of the Daiiy News, from the police reports 

 of the Mansion-House of the 22nd ultimo, as some allusion is made to 

 our Journal, and to state that we were much surprised, after the ex- 

 posure of the letters therein given, that Mr. Cousens should have had the 

 audaciousness to send us the paper for publication. Immediately after i;s 

 receipt we returned it to the author, and ordered to be cancelled an intro- 

 ductory paper on Steam-Engine Governors, which Mr. Cousens sent us 

 previously to the appearance of the police report. We trust that Mr. 

 Woods' praiseworthy resolution mny deter others from attempting a similar 

 proceedmg. It is fortunate for Mr. Cousens that be had such a lenient 

 magistrate to hear the case. 



Mansion-House, July 23, 1843.— Alle(?ed Attempted Extortion of nfoney.—Mr. R. B. 

 <^ousens, of No. 4. Bedford-place. Old Kent-to.^d, apueared to answer a charge of having 

 offered to prevent llie printing and publistiingof certain matters touclilng the complainant 

 with intent to extoit money. The charge xvus brought upon the (J and 7 Vic, cap. 96, 

 sec. li, and it was stated, (or the prosecution, that the delendant had by means of tile 

 following letter endeavoured to accomplish his purpose ; — 



" 4, Bedford-place, Old Kent-road, July 8, 1H48.— Sir,— I have written for publication 

 a small treatise on the cause of the iuelEcieucy of steam engine governors ; and in investi- 

 gating the principles of the cln-oi-.ometric governor, of which you are the patentee, 1 tind 

 myself compelled to speak of it in a way which may. perhaps, lessen its value as a com- 

 mercial S|)eculation. Now, as 1 write only for pecrrniary protit, 1 am willing to withhold 

 the paoer Irom the public eye, if, after perusing the accompanying copy of that part of 

 It which concerns tile chronometric governor, you feel disposed to purchase it at a fair 

 remuneration. It is quite immaterinl to me whether it be read by many or by one, 

 whether it be preserved in the pages of a scientific periodical or destroyed, it 1 profit by 

 it. It is unnecessary to say more in explanation of my cbject in transmitting to yon the 

 JIS. copy. I shall merely add in conclusion, that after Wednesday, the 12th instant, I 

 shall feel nt liberty to forward the original to the publisher, unless I am previously 

 favoured with some commuuication inducing me to withhold it. — Itobert B. Cuuaens. — 

 To Joseph Woods, Esq." 



Upon the receipt of that communication Mr. Woods sent to the writer ,-» note, to which 

 the following answer was returned by that gentleman: — . ,«, 



*' Bedford- place, July 10.— Messrs. J. Woods and Co. — Gentlemen, — In obedience to your 

 request I have to acquair?t you that my p.iper on * governors.* if published in one ot the 

 periodicals, will most likely appear in the ' Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal ;' but 

 that I am yet undecided as to whether it shall appear in u periodical or form part ot a 

 separate pamphlet on that and another p.irt ot the steam-engine. In all probability I 

 should pursue the latter course, as being the more remunerative.— Robert B. Cousens." 



Alter he had received the second letter Mi. Woods ri solved not to submit to be vic- 

 timised, anil, having it in his power to produce witnesses in support of the charge, was 

 dvised to represent the case at the Mansion- House. — It was now urged for the defence 

 that the case was one in which the magistrate had no jurisdiction, as the act of parlia- 

 mentdirected that, in caseota libel, the person accused should be proceeded against by 

 indictment. The offer made could not, it was said, be construed into an otter to refrain 

 from publishing a libel upon the patentee.— Alderman Gibbs said it was unrieiuable that 

 the letter was written tor the purpose of raising money.-Mr Humphreys contended 

 against Mr. Hobler's view of the case that the magistrate had the power to compel tha 

 defendant to appe rr to answer an indictment as upun a charge of felony or misrleineanor 

 of an ordinary description made belore him. The charge against the delendant was 

 clearly misdemeanor, us declared by the statute, and indictable at the sessions, and he 

 submitteii that the maaislrate had lull jurisdiction as to holding the defendant to bail. — 

 Mr. Hobler said if Mr. Woods considereil that an offence had been cooinrilted he had his 

 remedy. He could go to the grand jury with his indictment, and if they found a true 

 bill, he could bi lug (he matter to trial; and it the defendant was found guilty, punish- 

 ment would be inflicted; but it would be a very difficult matter to show his client's 

 liability under such circumstances-- Olr. Humphreys: The clnirge against him is ihat he 

 has attempted to extort money by means of ihreats.— ftfr. Hobler said that if Air. Cousens 

 Dsed threats, those threats were by no means conveyed in lan.;;uage of which cognizance 

 could be taken.— Alilerinan tiibbs said he c^uld not see that tae letter was a libel upon 

 Mr. Woods, or that it contained matter of which he could take any notice, whatever 

 tendency and intention it mif^ht have had to extort money. He should therefore dismiss 

 tUe case. 





NOTES OF THE M0NTH.1 



. The Atheiiamm a)iil the Eiii;iiicers.—The Athenceum of the 15th ult. 

 contains some remarks in reply to our's of last month, with regard to 

 INIr. Cbadwick, the Military Engineers, and the iMeliopolitan Survey. 

 The Allieiiaiim has replied to our remarks, as if we advocated the eniploy- 

 ineut of the Surveyin's Association ; whereas, we did not advocate Ibe 

 eniuloynient of that association, or of any particular individu:il or indi- 

 viduals. We objected to the employment of the military ensiueers, and 

 na(ned several civil enginee(S, who were quite compe(ent " to conduct 

 a trigcno(netrical survey, which involves the nicest points of aslronomy 

 and requires all tlie resources of mathematical analysis." We again refer 

 to the minutes of proceedings of the Inslilulion of Civil Engineers, in the 

 columns of our contemporary, as giving evidence of the allammenis of Ihe 

 members in all respects, as exemplilieil in the discussions on attnospheric 

 resistances, Ihe atmospheric railway system, and ilie many malhematical 

 debales which have occupied the Institution of late years. We now refer 

 our contemporary to the account of the Ordnance survey of Liverpool 

 given in a report lately issued by the borough engineer, and which we shall 

 publish next moulb. 



Siiulk Hnckneij C7iuic/i.— This has been three years under constructioQ 

 by Mr Hakewdl, and was consecrated on the 20lh of July. It is in the 

 Early English style, and in the shape of a cross, aud is executed with 

 great care and solidtty. The cost was £15,700, besides land. The lenrrth 

 inside is 172 feet ; outside, 19i feet ; wid(h across the nave and aisles''Gl 

 feci, and transepts, 92 feet ; height inside to roof, GO feet, outside to top of 

 spire, 187 feel. 'I'here are eight bells, and several painted windows, aud a 

 large sum was laid out in decoration. This is a buildiug v\hich pos- 

 sesses considerable merit; for too much has not been attempted, aud a 

 good effect has been produced. The proportions are well kept, and an air 

 of grandeur and chasleness preserved, 



Indepenilinl C/inyie/s — We are glad to see that such an advance is being 

 made by llie Independents in ecclesiastical architecture. Mr. Edward 

 Wallers, an architect of ability at IMauchester, has been employed in 

 erecting a chapel in Cavendish-street, in that city. It is in Ihe mediajval 

 style, with a tower and spire rising to the total height of 171 feet f(om 

 the ground, and cost £'21,000 ; so that it will be seen Ihat it is an impor- 

 tant buildiug, as It isoue likewise highly ornamental and artistic. Another 

 chapel, erec(ed by Mr. Walters, at Darwen, cost £5,000. A peculiarity 

 in this building is a kind of screen raised above the roof; which, though 

 of beautiful design, having no idea of usefulness attached to it, conveys to 

 the mind an impression of superfluity. 



Safely IM'inint; Lnntlwrn. — Mr. Crane, of Birmingham, has forwarded 

 to llie njini.g Journiit the following description of a mining lanlhorn that 

 helias iuvenied. The annexed drawing is a represenlalion of Ihe safely- 

 lanthurn : — It is adapted to burn composition can- 

 dles Ihat require no suulfing. The same princi- 

 ples can, however, be applied to oil lamps, if any 

 party prefer oil to candles. The front is niade of 

 strong glass ; the back of polished tin— the two 

 sides of wire gauze, soldered to the f(a(niug, hav- 

 ing 9l)0 apertures in a square inch of surface. It 

 ivill do coarser: but the size stated is safest. 

 Over Ihe wire gauze sides are fixed covers 

 if tin, hinged to the top of the lanthorn, which 

 entirely cover the sides, and are kept fast by a 

 imall hasp at the bottom. The lower edge of 

 each tin coverside is bent inwards to rest against 

 he framing — so that Ihe tin plate may be kept at 

 I distance of | inch from Ihe wire gauze. Suffi- 

 cient space is thus provided to allow of the pas- 

 sage of air for the supply of the light. — These 

 in coversides are useful to protect the wire gauze 

 irofn injury and dirt, as well as to stop any cur- 

 eot, or '■ blower," of gas from blowing out the 

 light. No direct current of wind can have any 

 effect upon the light, because there is no admission into the lanthorn but 

 obliquely at each corner. The candle is held between four short wires, 

 soldered in the dish of a moveable socket, which fits into a socket soldered 

 to the bottom ; this candle socket is useful for retaining any wasle fat that 

 may run down ; it can be lifted out by the wire handle, aud cleaned, when 

 necessary. The inside of the lanthorn is thus kept quite clean. The 

 candle is put in through the neck ou the top of the lanthorn, upon which a 

 hinged lid fits down tighily. The lid is pierced with two rows of holes, 

 through which the healed air and smoke escape; and to the top is fixed a 

 large ring, by which the lanthorn is carried and hung up. This ring is 

 kept coolby a simple, but effective, contrivance. A piece of tin, bent into 

 the form of an inverted cone, is soldered inside the lid, wjiich causes the 

 hot ascending air to Bow towards the sides, where it immediately escapes 

 through the openings. To prevent any inllammable gas enleriug through 

 the lid, a circular disc of wire gauze is soldered inside ihe rim of the ltd 

 — so that no gas can enter but through the wire gauze ; this wire gauze 

 will never become red-hol, so that no explosion can possibly occur. The 

 size of lanlhorns made is about 5 inches square, and 12 inches high ; other 

 parts in proportion. The inside of the tiu coversides, and the outside of 

 the lanthorn, are japanned of any dark colour. 



The Soup Plant.— In California this plant is used by the people for 

 washing every description of clothing in cold running water. In using it 

 as soap, the women cut the tools from the bulbs, and rub them on the 



