S36 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[November, 



Amoiif; tliese artirles are fresh fish, meat, milk, hutter, fruit, 

 &c., ivhii'h cannot he hroujflit from fjreat distances except hy rail- 

 way. Milk is now largely carried on the Eastern Counties and 

 other railways, under arrangements by which the companies take 

 back the empty cans. 



The metropolis is now the seat of a considerable trade in provi- 

 sions, supplyinjT to the country towns, fish, prime beef, poultry, 

 fruits, and articles of foreign provision. 



The whole ]>rovision traffic of each district, including fish and 

 grain, may be estimated as under. 



District. Tons. 



Northern, 100,000 



North Western, 200,000 

 Midland, 50.U00 



Western, 51,000 



South Western, 30,000 



Southern, 50.000 



Eastern, 200.000 

 This estimate does not include Scotland. It is very vague and 

 much under the mark. 



No. XIX.— MANURE TRAFFIC. 



This traffic is of great value to the agricultural interests, but 

 tliere is a want of adequate information respecting it. 



The following are returns of manures carried for the years 

 ending June 30. 



Company. Tons. Tons. Tons. 



1845. 184G. 1847. 



Leicester and .Swanningloo, 496 221 



\l isliaw and Coliness, 1,056 2,516 •1,727 



York and North Midland, "5,943 



* Half-year. 



The tonnage on the two former lines is chiefly guano. On the 

 'W'ishaw and Coltncss, 1,04'3 tons were carried in 1846. 



The amounts received are trifling. They are as follows : — 

 ConipHny. 1845. 1846. 1847. 



Leicester ami Swannington, £ 49 £ 19 £ 



Wishaw and C'oltness, 27 149 *'J5 

 York and Nortli iMidland, "445 



* Half-year. 



The rates are as under, per ton per mile. 



Newcastle and Carlisle (guano) 2'5 d. 

 London and Brighlon, 2 24 



Arbroath and Forfar, 2 12 



Leicester and Swannington, 2-00 



Lancashire and Yorkshire, 133 



Wishaw and Coltuess, I-IO 



York and North Alidland, TOO 



Lime and sand are likewise carried as manures. 

 It is much to be regretted that no adequate measures are taken 

 for applying the manure of towns. In the metropolis alone, the 

 waste cannot be less than what would he equivalent to raising food 

 for a million of ])eople. 



The following is an estimate of the whok amount of manures 

 carried. 



Lime, 210,000 tons. 



SHnd, 30,000 „ 



Manure, 40,000 „ 



The whole quantity is perhaps about three hundred thousand 

 tons, and it may be safely taken that there is a production of food 

 for a hundred thousand individuals effected by means of railway 

 transit. 



Bones form a regular article of transit on some of the railways. 

 The charge on the Arbroath and Forfar Railway is '■2d. per ton 

 per mile. 



No. XX.— MISCELLANEOUS AGRICULTURAL TRAFFIC. 



Many small articles are included under the head of agricultural 

 traffic, as to which there are a few scattered details in the re- 

 turns. 



On the Soath-Eastern Railway hops are carried. This is a season 

 traffic, carried on one-half year onlv. The number of tons in 

 1847 was 7,248, and the receipts £7,741. 



The rate of charge on the London and Brighton is 2-Sd. per ton 

 per mile. 



Malt is not carried so much by railway as might he expected, 

 because the malt gets shaken up, and then measures less on de- 

 livery, because it cannot be so well heaped up. As the ([ualitv of 

 the malt is not afl^ected, this is only a temporary prejudice on the 

 part of the dealers. 



The charges for carrying malt are on the London and South 

 Western Railway 3d. per ton per mile, and on the London and 

 Brighton 2-6Hd. 



Bark is carried on most of the Southern lines. The rates are 

 on the London and Brigliton, 2-68(/., and on the London and South 

 Western, 2,.57rf. 



Brooms are manufactured near the London and South Western 

 Railway, and are carried at the rate of 2'09d. per ton per mile. 



Hay is reckoned hazardous from its liability to catch fire from 

 the engine sparks. The quantities carried and amounts received 

 on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway are — 



1846. 1847. 1846. 1847. 



968 tons. 1,003 tons. £892 £ 879 



The rate of carriage on the abo^e railway is 5d. per ton per 

 mile. 



Tliere are no details as to wool traffic, though wool of home and 

 foreign growth is carried. The rate is 3d. per ton per mile. 



There is a return of potatoes carried in 18 16 on the 'Wishaw 

 and C'oltness Railway, 43 tons at 23Sd. per ton per mile, the 

 receipts being £2 only. 



The rates for hides are, on the London and South Western S*5rf. 

 per ton jier mile, and on tlie London and Brighton, 3-5rf. 



The following are mi.xed returns of agricultural produce for the 

 years ending June 30. 



Company. 



Dublin and Drogheda. 

 Great Norlli of England, 

 West Cornwall (Hayle), 

 London and Brigliton. 



The receipts were as follow s : — 

 Dublin and Droglieda, 

 Great North of England, 

 M'est Coruvvall (Hajle), 

 Loudon and Brighton, 



No. XXI.— AGRICULTURAL TRAFFIC. 



The preceding sections show the services rendered to agriculture 

 by railways. The accommodation may be classed under the fol- 

 lowing heads : — 



Brought, to the Farm. 



Building materials, draining tiles, hop-poles, &c., 



Manures, lime, hones, sand, 6cc., 



Hay, turnips, oil-cuke, inc., for feeding stock. 



Clover and other seeds, 



Salt, 



Coals, 



Lean stock, 100,00fl cattle ; 250,000 sheep, 



Implenieuls and iron, 



E'isli, 



Foreign provisions and groceries. 



The whole weight carried by railway to the farms cannot be 

 less than 6,000,000 tons, on which a very great saving has been 

 effected. 



Produce carried to Market. 



Head. Tons. 



Cattle, 400,000 



Calves, 



Sheep, 1,7.")0,000 



Swine, 100,000 



Horses, 



Provi ions, 700,000 



Grain, 



Other produce, hides, hams, wool, hope, malt, ale, beer, ejder, perry, 

 bay and animal food, timber, bark. 



No. XXII.— PARCELS TRAFFIC. 



This is a well-paying branch of revenue, connected with the 

 passenger traffic, and has been latterly much improved. The sub- 

 joined accounts do not, however, sliow the full extent of the parcel 

 traffic, as a great portion of it is still included in the general 

 account for goods, the carriers making up parcels as goods. The 

 results are therefore minimum results. 



Tons. 

 35^1,000 

 300 000 



15 000 

 4 500,000 



10,000 



