8 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[January, 



A double-acting low-pressure engine of the ordinary construction of 

 50 liorses power for spinning cotton, will consume from 10 to 15 Its. 

 of coal per horse power per hour, say on an average 12 1ft. This is, 

 however, a low estimate for Lancixshire, where the consumption is 

 generally much greater, coal being there less expensive than in several 

 other parts of England. If we allow 311 working days per annum of 

 12 hours each, we shall liave the total consumption of the above en- 

 gine for one year = 50 X 12 X 12 X 31 1 = 2,23;l,200n>. = 999 tons, 

 12 cwt. 3 qrs. 12 tts., say 1000 tons at 508 * = £2500. 



A single-acting expansive engine on the Coniish plan of 50 horses 

 power, if used fur raising water to turn an overshot water-wheel, will 

 not produce a power of 50 horses available for working the cotton 

 macainerv, since the effect of the water, when applied as a motive 

 jiower, through the medium of the overshot water-wheel, will not 

 exceed C'j per cent, of the power required to raise the water. Now 

 ()G : 100 : : 50 : 76 = the number of horses power of the engine 

 which will produce the same mechanical effect by this plan as by the 

 usual mode. 



A Cornish engine of 76 horses power will consume from 2 to 24 lbs. 

 of coal per horse power per hour, say 24 Its. ; thus the consumption 

 for one year will be equal to 76 X 2-5 X 12 X 311 =: 709,080 Itis. = 

 316 tons 11 cwt., say 317 tons at 508. = £792 10s. 



COMPARISON. 



The cost of coal per annum by the common mode is £2500 

 Ditto by the proposed mode . . 792 10 



Saving per annum = 68 = £1707 10 



The irregularity of the action of the steam in ordinary low-pressure 

 engines is very nearly counteracted by the use of a fly-wheel ; never- 

 theless, in some of the cotton factories, (for instance, that of Messrs. 

 Lane, of Stockport) two engines are employed to work the same ma- 

 chineiy, the cranks being fixed at right angles to each other, as in 

 marine engines. Shis arrangement equalizes the action of the steam 

 still more, yet the motion is not so regular as that of an overshot 

 water-wheel, where the supply of water is uniform, as it would be in 

 this case, the speed of the engine being regulated by the use of the 

 cataract, to any given number of strokes per minute, and the delivery 

 of water consequently uniform. 



It should be observed that no large quantity of water will be re- 

 quired, as the same water may be used over and over again with very 

 little loss. 



When this calculation was made, very little practical knowledge of 

 the consumption of coals for a Cornish engine in London had been 

 obtained, and although we have never disputed the reports from Corn- 

 wall, yet many engineers of great experience had doubted the correct- 

 ness of the accounts from Cornwall ; it has now, however, been proved 

 that the great engine lately erected by the East London Water Works 

 Company at Old Ford, does not consume upon an average more than 

 2,% As. of coals per hour per horse power, and as the coals used are 

 the refuse of Newcastle coals, the largest piece not being greater than 

 J inch in diameter, we can have no doubt that Mr. Wicksteed's esti- 

 mate of 24 lt)s. of coals per hour per horse power of large coals may 

 be safely relied upon. 



T This is the price of coal in Egypt. 



BIELEFELD'S PAPIER MACHE WORKS. 





If fi '"^--"^--mim^ 





BIELEFELD'S PAPIER MACHE WORKS. 



A no less singular than conspicuous object, the building lately 

 erected in Wellington Street, North, can hardly fail to attract notice, 

 vet at the same time is likely to puzzle the architectural critic. It 

 has idreiidy been spoken of both in the Companion to the Almanac, 

 and in an article on Loudon Shops and Gin Palaces, in the December 

 Number of Eraser's Magazine ; nor do we see reason to dissent greatly 

 from the opinions there expressed. The defects of the design is that 

 there is very little sort of agreement between the upper and the lower 

 portion of the building, either as to style, cliaracter or material. 

 While the latter is exceedingly plain and sober, the other is fanciful — 

 not to say freakish in the dressings given to the fiist flour windows," 

 which, uevertheless, du nut pussess the degree of richness, which would 

 reconcile the eye to what, it nm.st be acknowledged, is outri' in man- 

 ner, and which therefore required to be treated not with coldness, nor 

 even sobriety. 



We do not object to an intermixture of stone and red brick ; on the 

 contrary, we are of opinion that it might frequently be rendered pro- 

 ductive of considerable effect ; but then we should like to see the two 

 materials combined throughout, from the gromid upwards, and not, as 



is here the case, have a building look as if begun and carried up to a 

 ce. tain height in stone-work, and then completed in brick with only 

 stone dressings. Again, the piers below look narrow and weak com- 

 pared witli those between the windows of the first floor ; — a fault that 

 might have been obviated by arching the openings between them, and 

 making the entresol windows in the heads of the arches. This would 

 also have diminished the formality now occasioned by the numerous 

 horizontal lines of those windows and openings, and unnecessarily in- 

 creased by those of the horizontal rustic joints. 



In one respect, indeed, the whole possesses a certain merit, because 

 there is hardly a possibility of mistaking what the building is intended 

 for. Its aspect at once announces it to consist not only of a sh6p be- 

 low but a manufactory in the upper stories. It likewise contains spa- 

 cious show-rooms, relative to which and their contents we shall pro- 

 bably be able ere long to give a more detailed account. The building 

 stands at the corner of Wellington and Exeter Streets, the narrower 

 front or end, being towards the former, the longer one towards the 

 latter ; but in regard to this some liberty hits been taken in the cut, for 

 though the whole of the South side of the building is shown, not more 

 than the first two windows from the corner of Wellington Street would 

 be visible in the direction here chosen, owing to the narrowmess of the 

 other street. 



