1840.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



51 



APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER. 



Patented by M. De L'Osier. 

 accompanied by an engraving, plate ii. 



Extract from Specification. 



Figure 1, plate 2 is a vertical section of the apparatus, figure 2 is 

 a plan of figure 1. A is the tube leading from the steam boiler, B is 

 the stop cock to shut off the steam when not required. C the tube 

 which I call the vacuum tube. D and E tubes through which the air 

 flows. F the tube into which the steam passes in its escape to tlie 

 chimney or into the open air, it is also througli this tube that the air 

 passes ; a represents the openings for the steam in the pipe. F, 

 shewn in section at figure 3, two of these openings a e circular, paral- 

 lel and concentric ; the two others are plain, and their direction tends 

 to the common centre of the circles, generating from the two others. 

 The sectional form of the tubes may be varied to any form required. 

 The interior diameter of the tube D is equal to from 14 to 15 of that 

 of E, and the diameter of E of 15 to 18 of the tube F. 



The size of the opening at a is about one-tenth of the size of tube 

 F, these proportions may be varied, but I have found them produce 

 good results in working with a jjressure of steam equal to five atmos- 

 plieres. The pressure may be increased or decreased by the regula- 

 tion of the opening a, XX are the cylinders containing the principal parts 

 used in the apparatus. K is a vacuum chamber, 1 1 pipes communi- 

 cating between the receiver K and the cylinder X X ; M the cock in 

 the pipe C, S T are gauges to ascertain the state of the rarefied air. 



Having described the parts, I will now show tlie manner of putting 

 it into operation. Steam being generated at a pressure of five atmos- 

 pheres, the two cocks B and M being closed, on opening the cock B 

 the steam will flow through the opening a, its continued passage 

 through the tube F carries away the air in the cylinder X X, and pro- 

 duces a partial vacuum in K, the mercury of the gauge T will rise to 

 the height of 50 or 55 centimetres above the cup, then on opening 

 the cock M, the air in the pipe C will rush through the pipes D E 

 without materially altering the state of the partial vacuum in the cy- 

 linder X X, and of the chamber K with which it is in communication, 

 and the mercury in the gauge T instead of being depi'essed will rise 

 some centimetres higher, the state of the vacuum will be indicated 

 by the mercury at 3U centimetres above the cup. With this appa- 

 ratus you can maintain a constant partial vacuum or removing of air 

 in any recipient. I will now proceed to describe another modification 

 of the apparatus, there being two vacuum vessels used in place of one. 



Figure 4 is a vertical section, and figure 5 a plan of the same. A 

 the tube leading to the steam boiler, B the cock to shut off the steam 

 when not required, C the pipe communicating with the apparatus 

 from which atmospheric air is to be withdrawn, D and E tubes through 

 wdiich the air flows, F tube into which the steam flows, and it is also 

 through this tube that the air from the tubes D and E flows with the 

 steam, a is the opening for tlie escape of the steam shown full size at 

 figure B, G tube into which the steam and the air come from the part 

 of the apparatus to be now described ; R R is a tube leadiug to the 

 vacuum chamber O, Q conical tube communicating with the chamber 

 O, through which the air passes into the tube G by the pipe R, H 

 is the escape pipe for the steam and air into the atmosphere, K and L 

 are the air vessels or receivers, 1 1 and Y are pipes connecting tlie re- 

 ceivers K and L to tlie cylinders X and P, S T and U are the gauges 

 indicating the different states of the rarefied air, X X and P are the 

 cylinders. 



The operation of this apparatus is as follows: — The steam being 

 generated to a pressure of five atmospheres, and the three cocks B M 

 and N being closed, on opening B the steam will flow through the 

 orifice a, by the continued action of the steam through the tube the air 

 withdrawn from the cylinder X and the chamber K, and the mercury 

 will rise in the gauge to 50 or 55 degrees above the cup, and 

 there remain. On opening the cock M a constant withdrawing of air 

 will take place with considerable velocity, at the same time the state 

 of vacuum in K X will not be materially altered, and the mercury 

 in the guage T will be raised higher, the continued action of the steam 

 and air through the tube G rarefies the air in the receiver L, and in 

 the cylinder P, and the mercury in the gauge U rises to 40 centime- 

 tres above that of its cup, and is kept there on opening the cock N, 

 the air issuing from the chamber in connection with the tube R will 

 flow through the conical tube Q into the tube G, the state of the air in 

 the receiver L and the cylinder P is not at all changed, but the mer- 

 cury in the gauge S wiU rise 3U centimetres, fresh supplies of air can 

 be admitted as explained in the description of figures 1 and 2. A 



third air vessel may be used in a similar manner to the second when 

 required, by admitting the atmospheric air through the pipes R R. 



Figure 6 is a iilan of the apparatus suitable for raising water from 

 one level to another when worked by either of the apparatus shown in 

 figures 1 to 5. Figure 7 is an elevation of the same, these having 

 been previously described in the preceding drawings, I have not 

 thought it necessary to repeat the description. Figure S is a vertical 

 section of the exhausting or draining machine, from a line drawn froni 

 P to Q shown at figure "O. Figure 9 is a plan of the stage No. 1, as 

 shown at figure S, from a line drawn from N to O ; S S S are the re- 

 ceivers placed i.ne above the other at equal distances. T T T are 

 the ascending tubes terminating in the receiver S ; the lower part of 

 the tube T of the stage No. 1 is placed on the well or other source of 

 water Y Y, and the lower parts of the other tubes are placed in the , 

 receivers S. The number of these stages may be increased or de- 

 creased according to the height that the water is required to be raised. 

 At the top of each of the ascending tubes T there is a valve Y ; Z is the 

 tube through wliich the air is withdrawn, the lower end of the tube is 

 open and plunged in the water of the well Y Y, it is connected with 

 the pneumatic apparatus by the tube K, and with the recipients S SS, 

 by the small tubes U U U ; X X X are the floats, and V V V are the air 

 valves. In the top of the upper receiver S is attached a bent dis- 

 charge tube W, closed by a valve W'; R is the reservoir for the water 

 wdien raised, M shows where a pipe may be fixed to conduct the water 

 to any place required. 



To put this machine into operation, the cock E, figures 6 and 7 of 

 the apparatus, is to be opened, the air and steam flowing into the 

 atmosphere by the lubes F F, and the mercury of the gauge I will rise 

 to 50 or 55 centimetres above its cup. The cock L is then opened, 

 and the air contained in the interior of the exhausting machine will 

 flow through tlie tube K across the pneumatic apparatus v»ith great 

 speed, at least 200 centimetres per second, and will flow into the 

 atmosphere with the steam. The discharge of the air across the ap- 

 paratus does not in any way aftect the state of the vacuum, as may be 

 ascertained by the mercury in the gauge I always remaining at the 

 same height. The height of the mercury in the gauge M will always 

 indicate the state of the air contained in the exhausting machine when 

 it is about 31 or 32 centimetres ; the receiver S of the stage No. 1 is 

 full of water drawn from the well Y Y, the float X will then raise the 

 small valves V V, and close the orifice U for the discharge of the air 

 against which it will be held fast, the atmospheric air being admitted 

 through the small openings of the valves V, the valve Y closes, and 

 the pressure on the water in the receiver forces it up into the receiver 

 S of the stage No. 2. The same operation is performed in the stages 

 No. 2 and 3 as that described with regard to No. 1, it is not therefore 

 necessary to repeat the description. The air valves of the stages No. 

 1 and 3 are opened by their floats at the same time that they are closed 

 in the stage No. 2, they will then be restored to their original position. 

 The water when raised to the upper receiver at the stage No. 3, flows 

 through the tube W into the large reservoir R, and the valve W is 

 raised to allow it to pass freely, during this time the water again flows 

 into the receiver of the stage No. 1. Besides this tube W in the re- 

 ceiver S of the stage No. 3, there is another which is not shown in the 

 drawing, the object of it is to regulate the opening of the valve by 

 means of a screw, in order to regulate the flow of the water in such 

 manner that the float X shall press against the air escape pipe, at the 

 same time that the float of the stage No. 2 raises its air valves, and 

 the float of the stage No. 1 presses against the opening of the air 

 escape pipe. In order that the floats should properly perform the 

 functions thit are assigned to them, they must he so constructed that 

 the power which they require by the quantity of water displaced, will 

 be sufficient to raise its proper weight, and to overcome the resistance 

 which the pressure of the air exercises upon the air valves, and the 

 weights of these same valves, and also that when the receivers are 

 empty, their weight allowing for the part which is sustained by the 

 water in the tube in which they are placed, will be sufficient to over- 

 come the resistance of the pressure of the air, which keeps it pressed 

 against the opening of the air escape pipe. The air escape pipe Z Z 

 is placed in the water of the well Y Y, in order that if the water in 

 the receiver (S S S) slioidd flow into it through the tube U U, it may 

 fall down into the well. This machine may also be worked by using 

 any number of air vessels that may be required. 



Artesian Well. — The boring instrument now at work for the Artesian 

 well in the abattoir at Grenelle has reached the depth of 508 metres, or 1,666J 

 feet. The earth brought up is still a greenish clay. It requires 4 horses and 

 12 men to keep the apparatus in action; and it is daily hoped to see water 

 bui-st up. The temperatui-e increases a degree ia warmth for every 30 yards 

 penetrated downwards. 



H2 



