330 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



ro 



CTOBER. 



Tims 6 — c ^ '^ \ — "^ — ) '^ *''" ^""^^ corresponding to the 



nipiin of llie deptlis from which it is seen that tlie difference here also 

 between this and the correct area exists only in the side pieces. This 



r 

 4 

 4r„. . 4r „ , 4r„ , 3r_. . 3/ , , 6 r. 



T T T 



difierence is readily obtained thus: -\f-\--d'^ -f- Dc? — '- D^ J- 



J- 



= ix (D" -\-d^ — 2 D rf), which is equal to one-tnelfih the square of 



tne difference of the depths multiplied by the ratio of the slopes. 



We have now examined three difl^erent methods of calculating 

 earthwork, the two latter of which require certain corrections ; and 

 combining these corrections with the original erroneous rules, in order 

 to render them perfect, the whole three methods may be correctly ex- 

 pressed as follows. 



I. Square the sum of the depths and deduct their product, muldplv 

 the remainder by one-third the ratio of slopes. To this add the half 

 sum of tlie depths multiplied by the breadth. 



Or, 



II. From the half sum of the two end areas deduct one-sixth the 

 square of the difference of the depths, multiplied by the ratio of the 

 slopes, the remainder is the correct area. 



Or, 



III. To the area corresponding to the half sum of the depths, add 

 one-twelfth the square of the ditference of the depths, multiplied by 

 the ratio of the slopes, the sum is the correct area. 



Example. 



Suppose a piece of cutting or embankment 39'8 feet deep at one 

 end, and 24-6 at the other end, the base or top 30 feet, and slopes 2 to 

 ], required the area, which being multiplied by the length, shall give 

 the true content. 



I. 



II. 



39-8 

 24-6 



64-4 X 64-4 = 4147-36 

 39-8 X 24-6= 979'08 



31G8.28 

 2 



6336-56 



2112-19 

 32-2x30= 966 



correct area 3078-19 

 III. 

 (39-8 + 24-6 + 30) 32-2 = 3039-68 

 2(39-8-24-6)2 



correct area 3078-19 



12 



38-51 



correct area 30 78- 19 



The first and third of these methods are recommended to practical 

 men in preference to any of the common tables. 



The writer having both calculated himself, and superintended others, 

 while calculating some thousands of miles in length of sections, can 

 speak very positively as to the s-aving of time which is effected by the 

 simple calculations here pointed out. The mode of applying the first 

 method to extensive sections has been already shown, and the appli- 

 cation of the third is equally simple. The labour of calculation is 

 nearly balanced between these two. 



12, Universily-slreel, Sept. 12, 1S40. 



THE REFORM CLUBHOUSE. 



ClVilh 2 Engravings, Plates IG & 17. J 



Hardly shall we be censured for bestowing farther notice on the 

 exterior of this edifice, because, although the Wood-cut view of it in 

 our May number, served very well to convey a general idea of the de- 

 sign and style of architecture, the details and admeasurements could 

 oiily be guessed at, whereas it is highly desirable that they should be 

 correctly represented on an intelligible scale, similarly to those given 

 of the Travellers' Club-house in the series of " Studies and Examples 



of the English School of Architectnre." We hope that the la^t-men- 

 tioned building, this new production of Mr. Rarry's will be fuUv illus- 

 trated liv thi> s.ime artists: in the mean while we shall show in this 

 and our following number, as much as will enable i ur readers to under- 

 stand both the external elevations, and the leading arrangement, &c. 

 of the interior; which last we intend to expUin by a Section as well as 

 Ground Flan. 



Whether there be any who do not admire this piece of arcliitecture, 

 ve cannot positively say; yet if any there are at all, we conceive that 

 they are very few. Neither can we be certain that there are none, 

 who do not regret that the style here adopted is likelv to supplant 

 that pun Greek architecture which, till very lately, was in such rejiute 

 and request among us. It happens curiously enough, however, that 

 the Reform and Conservative Club-houses, almost inevitalilv force a 

 comparison between their res[iective styles. While the contrast thev 

 present is most striking in itself; it is evidently enough, in favour of 

 Mr. Barry's building: yet whether the two styles are thus fuirlv tested 

 is a different question, for it may be said that we have here the very 

 choicest Italian confronted not with any example of Grecian architet-- 

 ture, nor with what is considered a skilful and artist-like modification of 

 it, but with what exhibits only the poverty and defectiveness of that 

 style without any of its redeeming qualities. At all events, therefore, 

 the admirers of the latter must now be as little satisfied with that 

 specimen of Sir R. Smirke's taste and ideas of classical design, as 

 those who give their unqualified preference to the Italian style. In 

 no respect is the contrast between the two designs more striking than 

 as to those particulars which exhibit similarv of purpose in both. In 

 the one case, we perceive that so far from at all detracting from the 

 beauty or character of the rest, the area is so treated as to be exceed- 

 ingly ornamental, and to give additional dignity to the whole design, 

 being enclosed by a terrace-like screen consisting of a balustrade, upon 

 a deep socle of elegant rustic work ; while that of the Conservative 

 Club-house is no better than the area of a common house, and the 

 railing is as poor in effect, and as un-(ireciau in design, as it was 

 possible to make it. No less strongly marked is the contrast between 

 these two facades as regards the character they derive from their 

 crowning members : though somewhat less plain and scanty than in 

 some other exam))les of the same school, the entablature and cornice 

 of the Conservative, lame and meagre enough at the best, now appears 

 utterly insignificant in comparison with the cornicione one of its neigh- 

 bour the Reform Club-house: — which latter may in fact be considered 

 as the entablature to the whole structure, therefore not at all excessive 

 as to bulk. The same remarkable disparity of character pervades 

 the two designs generally: in Sir R. Smirke's building, almost every 

 part is left chillingly bare and poor, and at the best, shows certain 

 Grecian forms stripped of all their beauty, whereas in Mr. Barry's all 

 the lesser members and details, such as string courses, &c. are made 

 to conduce to architectural elegance and expression. The "Conser- 

 vative" may be compared to a | icture mere dead-coloured, the "Re- 

 form" to one consistently worked up and carefully finished in all its 

 accessories. 



If it be objected that the microstyle application of columns to the 

 windows of the Reform Club-house, is not strictly legitimate, inasmuch 

 as those parts are thereby converted into mere decorative appendages ; 

 we think that so applied they are less faulty than either tnicroslyle 

 orders affecting to be somewhat more than decoration, or than such 

 apology for an order as a few large antje gratuitously stuck on here 

 and there to the front of a building, and which are allowed to contri- 

 bute as little towards decoration as they do. 



Either Greek architecture does not by any possible modification of 

 it, admit of the variety and richness which the Italian style aflfords, — 

 at least not where columns are excluded ; or else no one has as yet 

 thought it worth while so to mould the former as to render it quite as 

 suitable as the other for buildings of this class. Be that as it may, the 

 example of the Reform Club-house most assuredly is not calculated to 

 obtain much favour for tlie style of its neighbour; but neither, on the 

 other hand, is it likely to recommend the petty Falladian manner, 

 which has hitherto been generally received as the quintessence of 

 Italian art. 



In our account of the interior of Mr. Barry's building we shall have 

 occasion to enter into description, but on the present occasion the 

 elevation given in the plate renders description unnecessary, those of 

 the south and west sides being perfectly similar, except that there the 

 pediments to the windows are alternately segmental and triangular. 

 Besides the elevation, the details of the exterior, viz. Cornicione, 

 windows, &c. are shown in a separate plate, so that the design is per- 

 fectly intelligible. 



