THE LAND IN CERTAIN PARTS OF SWEDEN. 25 



entire number which might be found, it will serve to show that a considerable variety 

 exists here. 



The difference of this assemblage of shells from the fossils which I had before ex- 

 amined near the shores of the Baltic was very striking. A considerable proportion 

 of the whole mass, especially at Kured, was made up of the loose valves of a large 

 barnacle (Balamis tulipa, — see Appendix), to which I imagine the large supports be- 

 long which covered the surface of the gneiss at Kured. These supports exhibit a 

 number of concentric rings of growth, often very regular (see Plate II. figs. 38, 39.). 

 When the animal died, the shell seems to have been easily broken off from the rock, 

 and we must suppose successive crops of them to have been supplied for ages before 

 such enormous heaps of stratified shells were amassed. The Balanus sulcatus is also 

 very common, of a large size, remaining entire, with its support. Some of these I 

 saw fixed to the rock as before mentioned ; but generally they are found adhering to 

 valves of the Mytilus edulis, or large valves of the Pecten islandicus, of which last 

 the colour is preserved. Not one of these Balani, nor any species of that genus, in- 

 habits the Baltic. The shell next perhaps in abundance to the large Balanus is Saxi- 

 cava rugosa, of which the valves are often of extraordinary thickness, and must have 

 belonged to very aged individuals. The two valves are sometimes united ; but I 

 never found them lodged in any cavity either of a rock or zoophyte : perhaps they 

 may have inhabited the roots of large sea-weeds. (See remarks on this shell in the 

 Appendix.) The thick shells of Mi/a truncata are also in great quantity ; and the 

 Mytilus edulis four or five times larger than in the Baltic, and retaining much of its 

 colour. A Fusus also {Murex Rumphius, Mont.) occurs in profusion. 



I found at Uddevalla many bivalve shells, in which small holes had been drilled by 

 predaceous Trachelipodes, whereas among the fossils near Stockholm and Upsala I 

 could never meet with a single bivalve so perforated ; and there are, I believe, no 

 zoophagous Mollusca now living in the Baltic. 



From Uddevalla I went to the small island of Gulholmen (see Map), in the parish of" 

 Morlanda, part of the coast not far from Uddevalla, where Celsius declared, at the 

 beginning of the last century, that the sea was sinking. On my way I crossed Orust, 

 an island about fourteen miles in diameter, consisting chiefly of micaceous schist, form- 

 ing low hills a few hundred feet high, resting upon which, at different elevations, are 

 beds of sand, gravel, and clay, sometimes entirely destitute of shells, but often inclos- 

 ing many recent shells, for the most part the same species as at Uddevalla, but with 

 the addition of the Ostrea edulis and Cerithium reticulatum. I met with some of these 

 fossils between Hogan and Morlanda in a blue clay, which seemed to lie at a higher 

 elevation than any of the shells near Uddevalla. The features of the scenery in the 

 interior of Orust are precisely such as we might suppose the present coast to exhibit 

 if it should be lifted up with its small islands, rocks, and friths, and if the intervening 

 level flats, where sand, mud, and shells are known to be now accumulating, should 

 be laid dry. An account was given me of the finding of an anchor near Morlanda, 



MDCCCXXXV. E 



