LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. xi 



FACING 



PLATB 



LXXI. Red-breasted Nuthatch ; White-breasted Nuthatch 176 



LXXII. Golden-crowned Kinglet ; Ruby-crowned Kinglet . 178 



LXXIIL Veery .......... 180 



LXXIV. Wood Thrush ........ 182 



LXXV. Hermit Thrush . , 184 



FIGURES IN THE TEXT. 



no. PAOB 



1. Restoration of the Archaeopteryx, a toothed, reptilelike bird 



of the Jurassic period 3 



2. End of spearlike tongue of Pileated Woodpecker . . .14 



3. Tip of tail of (a) Downy Woodpecker, (b) Brown Creeper, to 



show the pointed shape in tails of creeping birds of different 

 families 16 



4. Young Hoatzin, showing use of hooked fingers in climbing . 17 



5. Short, rounded wing and large foot of Little Black Rail, a ter- 



restrial bird 18 



6. Long, pointed wing and small foot of Tree Swallow, an aerial 



bird 18 



7. Frigate-bird 19 



8. Great Auk, showing relatively small wing . . . .21 



9. Wing of Woodcock, showing three outer attenuate feathers . 24 



10. Jacana, showing spurred wing and elongated toes . .24 



11. Tail-feathers of Motmot (Momotus subrufescens), showing newly 



grown feathers and results of self-inflicted mutilation . 26 



12. Lobed foot of Coot (Fulica americana\ a swimming bird of 



the Rail family 27 



13. Lobed foot of a Phalarope (CrymopJiilus fulicarius), a swim- 



ming bird of the Snipe family 27 



14. Flamingo, showing relative length of legs and neck in a wad- 



ing bird 28 



15. Foot of Fish Hawk, showing large claws and spicules on under 



surface of toes 29 



16. Naked toes of Ruffed Grouse in summer ; fringed toes of Ruffed 



Grouse in winter 29 



17. Decurved bill of Sickle-bill Hummingbird . . . .31 



18. Serrate bill of Merganser, a fish-eating bird . . . .32 



19. Probelike bill of Woodcock, showing extent to which upper 



mandible can be moved 32 



20. Recurved bill of Avocet 32 



31. Bill of Spoonbill Sandpiper 33 



