94 RAILS AND COOT. 



generally distributed species being our Sora or Carolina 

 Kail, so well known to sportsmen. This bird passes 

 Sora us in the spring in April and nests from 



Porzana Carolina. Massachusetts northward. It returns 

 Plate vii. in August and lingers in our wild-rice 

 marshes until October. During the nesting season it 

 has two calls a whistled, leer-wee, and a high, rolling 

 wkinny. In the fall it utters a ~kuk or peep when dis- 

 turbed. 



There is no sexual difference in color in this species, 

 but birds of the year lack the black about the base of 

 the bill and on the throat, and have the breast washed 

 with cinnamon. 



Our other species of Eail are the King, Yellow, and 

 Little Black Rail, all of which are rare ; the Virginia Rail, 

 Clapper Kail which is more common, and the Clap- 

 Ralius wepitans. per Rail or Marsh Hen, an abundant 

 Plate vin. species in some of the salt marshes 

 along our coasts from Long Island southward. It is a 

 noisy bird with a peculiar cackling call which it utters 

 in a way that suggests the sound produced by some auto- 

 matic toys. 



Its nest is made of dried grasses, the surrounding 

 marsh grass being slightly arched over it. Eight to 

 twelve buffy, speckled eggs are laid, a number which, 

 in connection with the abundance of the bird, has led to 

 the persistent robbing of its nests by men who sell the 

 eggs for food. As a result of this practice the birds 

 have greatly decreased in numbers during recent years. 



The Coot, Mud-hen, or Crow-duck differs from the 

 Rails in having lobed toes (see Fig. 12) and in being 

 American Coot niore aquatic. In fact, it is more like 

 Fuiica americana. a Duck in habits than like a Rail, but 

 Plate viii. itg p i n ted, white-tipped bill will pre- 

 vent its being mistaken for one. 



