CARNIVORA. 71 



The Hapalida, or Marmosets, have the same total number of 

 teeth as Man and the Old- World Monkeys, but they are not dis- 

 tributed in the same way, their formula being I. |, C. j-, Pm. |, 

 M. | x 2=32. Skeletons and skulls of both the New- World 

 families are exhibited in Case 3, Div. E. 



The Lemurs (Suborder LEMUROIDEA) are placed in Div. F. 

 They are, as already noted, far lower animals than the true 

 Monkeys, from which they differ, osteologically, by their longer 

 snouts, smaller brain-cases, different dentition, and by the fact 

 that the orbit, with one exception, is bounded on the outside only 

 by a simple rod of bone instead of by a distinct bony wall. 

 Skeletons of all the principal genera are exhibited, and attention 

 may be drawn particularly to that of Tarsius spectrum ; remarkable 

 for the extraordinary prolongation of the hind foot. Its orbits 

 are bounded all round by a thin plate of bone ; and its dentition 

 is I. f , C. l, Pm. f, M. | x 2 = 34. And, finally, in the Aye-aye 

 (Chiromys madagascariensis) the teeth are extremely reduced in 

 number, the formula being I. J, C. g, Pm. l, M. X 2 = 18. The 

 incisors are very thick, long, and curved, and are without roots, as in 

 the Rodents, with which this animal was formerly associated. The 

 crowns of its molars are flat and smooth. 



Order II. CARNIVORA. 



(Cases 4 to 7.) 



The Carnivora, or Beasts of Prey, form a large and very natural 

 division of Mammals, distinguished by their highly specialized 

 double sets of teeth, the second or permanent set being almost 

 invariably made up of three incisors on each side, above and below, 

 of which the outer is the largest, one long, sharp, and powerful 

 canine or eye-tooth, and a variable number of molars and premolars; 

 by their clawed toes, of which there are never less than four on 

 each foot, non-opposable first digits, and their incomplete or absent 

 clavicles. 



They are divided, as already noted, into two great groups, of 

 which the Carnivora Fissipedia, or Land Carnivores, are the first to 

 claim our attention. Their skeletons are such as to represent 

 perfectly the normal Mammalian type described on p. 61. Their 

 limbs are adapted for walking, running, and climbing, but not 



