[301] HEPATIC^ OF ALASKA 355 



times grow out into long papillae. According to Stephani,^ the bracts 

 are much larger than the leaves, orbicular, with a shorter sinus and 

 incurved lobes, forming a terminal incurved bunch ; the perianth is 

 immersed, small, almost hyaline, oval, strongly plicate, ciliate-lacini- 

 ate at the mouth. Massalongo* describes the parts as follows : bracts 

 bifid to quadrifid; perianth erect, oval, immersed in the involucre, 

 plicate, mouth ciliate-laciniate, the laciniae on the external surface 

 subechinate from projecting cells. The description given by Kaalaas ' 

 agrees closely with that of Limpricht. 



Of European material, I have studied Styrian specimens collected 

 by Herr Breidler and Norwegian specimens collected by Dr. Bryhn. 

 I find in these that the plants are either sterile or female, and that the 

 latter are repeatedly floriferous by means of innovations. The bracts 

 are similar to the leaves except that they are a little larger, and in no 

 case have I been able to find more than two lobes. The perianth is 

 always small and rudimentary, and closely agrees with the descrip- 

 tions of the European authors. I have, however, been quite unable 

 to find any trace of a bracteole. The Alaskan specimens agree per- 

 fectly with this European material, some of them in fact showing the 

 peculiar rudimentary perianths with their innovations. The speci- 

 mens with fully developed perianths, however, are often destitute of 

 such innovations. 



The genus Anastrophyllum is most luxuriant in the mountainous 

 regions of the Tropics, where it is represented by numerous species. 

 A. reichardtii is not a typical member of the genus, being inter- 

 mediate between Anastrophyllum and the Sphenolobus section of 

 Lophozia. In fact it was the existence of this species (and of one or 

 two others) that deterred Spruce from elevating his group Anastro- 

 phyllum to generic rank, as was afterwards done by Stephani. The 

 present species has, in common with the genus, the reddish color, the 

 very thick-walled leaf-cells with stellate cavities, and the lacerate 

 perianth with ciliate divisions. The plants described by Lindberg as 

 Jungermannia nardioides do not show the cell-characters of A. reich- 

 ardtii in a very marked degree and are probably to be looked upon as 

 poorly developed individuals.* 



18. Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. 



Juneau (B. & C. 702, in part) ; Sitka (C. & K. 927, in small part) ; 

 Douglas Island (T. 1498, in part) ; Virgin Bay (T. 1457, in small 



' Ber. des bot. Vereins zu Landshut, 7 : 35. 1879. 



"Atti Soc. Veneto-Trent. II, 2: (37). 1895. 



^Njt Mag. for Naturvidensk, 33 : 371. 1893. 



*C£. Kaalaas, Vidensk. Skrifter I. Math.-nat. Klasse, no. 9: 18. 1898. 



