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58 



OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 



169 



174 ITO 176 



177 178 175 



Peculiar forms of stamens. — Fig. 169. A stamen of Pyrola rotundifolia : p, two 

 openings (pores) at top where the pollen escapes. Fig. 170. Stamen of Bilberry 

 ( Vaccininium uliginosum) : p, its pores at the top of two horns ; it has also two 

 spurs. Fig. 171. Berberis aquifolium, anther closed. Fig. 172. Anther open by 

 two lids upwards. Fig. 173. Anther of Violet with an appendage at top. Fig. 174. 

 Oleander, — an arrow-shaped anther appendaged at top. Fig. 175. Catalpa, — lobes 

 of anther separated. Fig. 176. Sage, — lobes of anther widely separated on stipes; 

 h, barren lobe without pollen. Fig. 177. Mallows, — anther one-celled. Fig. 178. 

 Ephedra, — anther four-celled. 



anthers of Huckleberry, Blueberry, Wintergreen, and others 

 of the Heath family, open through two little tubes at the top. 

 Tlie former is opercular dehiscence, the latter porous. (See 

 Figs. 169, iro.) 



105. It is also interesting to notice how the anther is at- 

 tached to the filament in various ways. Generally, it is 

 innate^ that is, seeming to stand erect on the top of the fila- 

 ment. Again, it is adnatey which means, attached by its 

 back to the side of the filament, as in Buttercups. And 

 thirdly, it is joined by a single point in its back to the slender 

 tip of the filament, as if lightly balanced upon it. This is the 

 versatile anther, common in the Grasses (Figs. 150, 166). 



105. Wliat tliree distinctions in the attachment of the anther ? Describe 

 tliat of the stamen's of the Pink ; tlie stamens of Buttercups ; of tlie Grasses. 



