90 



OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 



Fig. 291. A silique,— 

 fruit of Mustard. 



opening by two valves (Fig. 286). Sucli a pod is sometimes 

 divided crosswise by joints (as in Fig. 287, Desmodium); we 

 then call it a loment. 



181. Silique is a two-carpeled pod, sncli 

 as w^e iind in Mustard. It lias two cells, 

 separated by a thin partition, and two 

 rows of seeds (Fig. 291). A short silique, or 

 one not much longer than wide, such as 

 we find in Pepper-grass or Shepherd's-purse 

 (Fig. 288), is called a silide. (See Fig. 290). 



182. Capsule (the word means casket). 



This name is applied to all 

 other forms of dry, compound 

 fruits, formed of several unit- 

 ed carpels. In opening, they 

 commonly split into several valves, as in Iris ; 

 or divide into several parts (carpels) like so 

 many follicles, as in St. Johnswort; or they 

 open. by small pores, as in Poppy. 



Fig. 292. A capsule, — fruit of 

 Scrophularia ; it is two-celled, 

 two-carpeled, or two-valved. 



Fig. 293. A three-celled cap- 

 sule of Colehicnm ; it opens 6«- 

 tween the carpels. 



Fig. 2!^4. Capsule of Iris, open- 

 ing into the carpels. 



Fig. 295. Cross-section of the 

 same, showing how it opens. 



Fig. 296. Fruit of Geranium ; 

 its five carpels separate, and are 

 carried up on the curving styles 

 (called a regma). 



Fig. 290. Silicic 

 of Draba (en- 

 larged). 



181. Mustard pod ; describe its structure and name. Wliat is a silicle? 



182. What is a capsule? What three modes of opening are mentioned? 



