130 OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY 



characters of tlie five great orders following will prove a 

 great saving of time and trouble. 



279. The Crucifeks are herbs with alternate leaves, cruci- 

 form flowers (§ 87), two stamens shorter than the other four, 

 and two-celled pods. Example, Mustard. 



280. The Pea worts are plants with one-celled j)ods, mostly 

 papilionaceous flowers and compound leaves. Examples, 

 Pea, Bean. 



281. The Umbellifers have alternate leaves, small, regular, 

 five -parted flowers, in umbels, and two-seeded fruit. Cara- 

 way 



282. The Asterworts are herbs with compound flowers, 

 that is, with heads composed of many little five-parted flow- 

 ers appearing together like a single flower. Asters, Sun- 

 flower. 



283. The Labiates are herbs with square stems, opposite 

 leaves, labiate flowers, and fruit deeply cleft into four parts. 

 Peppermint. 



Among Endogens we select two or three orders. 

 281. The Orchids. Herbs with very irregular and gro- 

 tesque flowers, and stamens united to the style. Orchis. 



285. The Sedges. Herbs with solid stems ; linear, grass- 

 like leaves (if any), on entire sheaths ; and with green glumes 

 and flowers. 



286. The Grasses. Herbs with hollow stems, linear leaves 

 on split sheaths, and with green glumes and flowers. 



279. Define the Crucifers 280. Tlie Peaworts 



281. The Umbellifers. 282. The Asterworts. 



283. The Labiates. 284. Define also the Orchids. 



285. The Sedges. 286 The Grasses. 



