ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS, 

 Often used in Descriptive Botany. 



ach.., achenia. 

 (Bst., aestivation. 

 altet'., alternate. 

 anth., anther. 

 axill, axillary, 

 c, common. 

 cal., calyx. 

 caps.^ capsule. 

 cor.^ corolla. 

 decid.^ deciduous. 

 diatn., dianieter. 

 emarg., emarginate. 

 f. or/L, feet. 



Jil.^ filament. 



^., flower; Jls., flowers. 



,/r,, fruit. 



hd., head; Ms., heads. 



h7/p., hypogynous. 



ifnbr.. imbricate. 



inf., inferior. 



invol., involucre. 



irreg., irregular. 



leg., legume. 



//., leaf; Ivs., leaves. 



Ifts., leaflets. 



ova.., ovary. 



pet.., petals, 

 r., rare, uncommon. 

 recp., receptacle. 

 reg., regular. 

 rhiz., rhizome 

 rt., root. 

 sds., seeds. 

 seg., segments. 

 Sep., sepals. 

 St., stem. 

 sta., stamens. 

 stig., stigmas. 

 sty.., styles. 



Apr.^ April. Aug., August. Dec, December. Feb., February. Jan., January. 

 Jl., July. Jn., June. Mar.., March. Fbv.^ November. Oct.., October. Sepl.^ 



September. 



N., Northern, that is, the northern portions of the United States. 



N.-E; New England, or the Northeastern States. 



N.- W., the Northwestern States. 



E., the Eastern, or the Atlantic States. 



W., the Western, or the States bordering on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. 



M., the Middle States or portions of the United States. 



S., the Southern States. 



S.-E., the Southeastern States, and *S'.- W., the Southwestern States. 



N. Y., New York. Mass., Massachusetts. Pa., Pennsylvania, &c. 



f. (with or without the period), a foot. 



'' (a single accent) denotes an inch (a twelfth of 1 foot). 



'' (a double accent) a second, a line (a twelfth of an inch). 



An annual plant. 



(2) A biennial plant. 



If A perennial plant. 



^ k plant with a woody stem. 



$ A pistillate flower or plant. 



5 A perfect flower, or a plant bearing perfect flowers. 



§ Monoecious, or a plant bearing staminate and pistillate flowers. 



$ 5 Dioecious ; pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants. 



$55 Polygamous ; the same species, with pistillate, perfect, and staininato fls. 



(a ciplicr) signifies wanting or none, as, " Petals 0." 



§ (placed after), a naturalized plant, 

 t (placed after), cultivated for ornament, 

 X (placed after), cultivated for use. 

 00 Indefinite or numerous. 

 $ A staminate flower or plant. 



