Order 1.— THE CROWFOOTS. 149 



6. CAL'TIIA. Marsh Marigold. 



Calyx colored, of 5 roundish sepals resembling petals. Corolla 0. Sta- 

 mens 00. Follicles 5-10, oblong, compressed, erect, manj-seeded. — 

 U Smooth marsh plants. 



C. palus'tris. Cowslips. Marsh Marigold. In wet meadows. Eoot large, tliick. 

 Stem about If. high, hollow, round, branched. Leaves large (4-6^ wide), 

 roandish, cordate, crenate — lower on long, half-round petioles, upper sessile — 

 all of a dark, shining green, and very smooth. Flowers of a golden yellow in 

 all their parts, IV broad. Outer row of stamens club-shaped, long. Spring. 



7. COP'TIS. Gold-thread. 



Calyx of 5 or 6 oblong, colored sepals. Corolla of 5 or 6 small club- 

 shaped sepals, holloAv and 1-lipped at top. Stamens 20-25. Follicles 5- 

 10, stalked, beaked, spreading, 4-6-seeded. — U Herbs with radical leaves, 

 and long, creeping root-stocks. 



C. trifo^lia. Gold-thread. Leaves 3-foliate, all radical, the divisions broad, 4-8'' 

 long, crenate, smooth sliining, sessile. Petiole 1-2' long. Stems underground, 

 creeping extensively, bright yellow, and very bitter. Peduncles 3-4' high, 

 each 1-flowered. Calyx white. Petals yellow, much smaller than the sepals, 

 barely distinguishable among the stamens by their color. May. 



8. TPwOL'LTUS. Globe-flower. 



Calyx of 5, 10, or 15 concave sepals colored like petals. Corolla of 

 5-25 small, linear petals, which are tubnlar at base. Stamens many, 

 much shorter than the sepals. Pods many, each many-seeded. — U 

 smooth, with palmately-parted leaves. 



1 T. laxus. American G. Sepals 5. Petals 15-25, shorter than the stamens. 



Grows in swamps, M. r. Calyx yellow, greenish outside. June. 



2 T. Europaj'us. European G. Sepals 10-15. Petals 5-10, as long as the stamens. 



Flowers globular, bright yellow, f 

 S T. Asiat'icus. Asiatic G. Sepals 10, orange-colored. Petals 10, longer than sta- 

 mens, t 



9. AQUILE'GIA. Columbine. 



Sepals 5, ovate, colored, spreading. Petals 5, tubular with a wide 

 month, the outer margin erect, the inner attached to the receptacle, and 

 behind extended into a long, spurred nectary. Stamens 30-10, the inner 



