Order 128.— THE YEWS. 301 



7 P. pungens. Tree 20-30f., with crooked branches. Lvs. about 2', stout, crowded. 



Cones ovoid, 3', with stout spines 3" lonjr. Mts. Pa. and S. 



8 P. inops. Jersey P. Scrub P. Tree 15-25f., rou:,'h and crooked. Leaves rigid, 



obtuse, 2-3'. Cones ovoid-oblong, 2-3', Avith straightish prickles. Barrens. 

 9 P. resino'sa. Norway P. Red P. Tree (JOf., with sraoothish bark. Lvs. 5-6', 

 slender, with long sheaths. Cones ovoid-conic, 2-3'. Dry woods, northward. 

 10 P. Hudso'nica. Bank's P. A straggling shrub 5-25f. Lvs. 1' long, curved and stiff, 

 the cones some longer, recurved, smooth. Kocks, Me. and W. 



2. AB'IES. Spruce. Fir. He.-nlook. 



§ Fir. Cones erect, the scales deciduous. Lvs. flat, spreading two ways Nos. 4, 5 



i Spruce. Cones nodding. Leaves 4-sided or ensilbrm, pointing all around 2,3 



S liemloclc. Cones hanging. Leaves flat, mostly spreading two ways No. 1 



1 A. Oanaden'sis. Common H. Tree 50-801"., elegant while young. Leaves short- 

 linear (G-8"), glaucous beneath. Cones ovoid, terminal, as long as the leaves. 

 Scales concealing the bracts. Rocky woods. Timber inferior, but useful. 



I A. nigra. Double S. Tree pyramidal, 50-80f. Leaves 6-7", dark-green. Cones ovoid 



1-2', scales erose-denticulate. Damp mountain woods, nortliward. 

 ) A. alba. Single S. Tree 3U-80f., pyramidal. Leaves 6-9", glaucous. Cones decidu- 

 ous, cylindrical, 2', with the scales entire. Common in r<3cky woods. 



4 A. Fra'seri. Double Balsam Fir. Tree small, 15-30f. Bark Mstorc? with reser- 

 voirs of balsam. Lvs. .S-10". Cones oblong 1-2' ; bracts long-pointed, reflexed. 

 Mountains. This and the next are handsome and often cultivated. 



5 A. balsa'mea. Balsam F. Tree .30-50f. Bark as in No. 4. Lvs. 8-10", obtuse, 

 silvery beneath. Cones 3-4' by 1', cylindrical ; bracts scarcely exserted. 



3. LARIX. Larch. Tamerac. 



1 L. America'na. Ajuerican L. (Fig. 91.) A beautiful tree, 70-lOOf. Leaves filiform, 

 soft, 1-2'. Cones 6-10", darkpnrple, the few rounded scales each with 2 winged 

 seeds. Vai*. pendula has slender, drooping branches. 



i L, Europae'a. A large tree with flattened leaves, and cones 12-18" long. From Eur. 



4. JUNIP'ERUS. Juniper. 



§ Leaves all subulate and in 3s, spreading, jointed to the stem, 1-nerved No. 1 



§ Leaves scale-form, opposite, 4-rowed, appressed, some of them awl-shaped 2,3 



I J. commu'nis. Common J. (Fig. 7.) Shrub or low tree, often prostrate. Leaves 

 crowded, pungent-pointed, 6-8". Fruit small (2"), dark-purple, sweetish. Woods 

 and mountains. 



2 J. Virginia 'na. Red Cedar. Tree 3a-40f., dark-green. Early leaves, awl- 

 shaped, 3-4", some spreading ; later ones scaleform. Fruit blue-white. Eocky 

 soils. Timber red, durable, used for posts or lead-pencils. 



3 J. sabi'na, A trailing shrub. Fruit larger (3"), nodding, dark-purple. Rocks, N 



Order CXXVIIL, TAXACE^, The Yews, is represented 

 11 our flora by the genus Taxus, and species T. Canadensis, Tew, a lo^Y, 

 :)r prostrate shrub. (Fig. 301.) 



