was first planted. Jit was to be allowed to grow tall and obscurejthejjbarn buildings from the house. 

 A trench was dug, some old well-rotted manure (of which a car load was purchased as a mulch for the 

 trees and fruit), and wood ashes thoroughly mixed in the bottom, and the bushes firmly set, a foot apart. 

 Previous to the arrival of the nursery stock, holes had been dug to receive the trees. Acre 4 was 

 selected for the orchard; it was the middle acre from north to south, on the eastern boundary and not 

 far from the house and on a slight slope. Apples occupied the first row, set 25 feet apart, with a peach 

 between each. Peaches last but 12 years, and will be out before the apples need the room. Next 

 came pears, then cherries with one nectarine and one apricot for trial; next quinces, then a quantityjof 

 Japanese plums, a few German prunes, and greengages. 

 The varieties were as follows: 



Apples. Cherries. Quinces. 



Red Astrachan, May Duke Champion, 



Red Bietigheimer, Montmorency, Bourgeat, 



Esopus Spitzenburg, Ordinaire. Orange. 



Northern Spy. Japanese Plums. Pears. 



Raspberries. Abundance, Bartlett, 



Golden Queen, Burbank, Worden Seckle, 



Champlain. Satsuma, Anjou, 



Wickson. B. S. Fox. 



Gooseberries. European Plums. Currants. 



Downing, Grand Duke, Fays Prolific, 



Industry. Bavays Greengage, White Currant. 



Monarch. 

 iMoorepark Apricot, Nectarine, 



Red, white, and blue grapes, Catawba, Niagara, and Concord, Rathburn blackberries, Palmetto aspara- 

 gus, Myatts Linneaus rhubarb and Sharpless strawberries from the home garden. 



The holes were prepared with wood ashes thoroughly mixed at the bottom, the roots carefully 

 pruned, then set in the hole with plenty of room to spread out, and arranged as nearly as possible as 

 they were in their original home. Dirt was shoveled in carefully and blowly, while one man tamped 

 gently with a blunt stick in order that the roots might be thoroughly embedded and no air spacf s left 

 about them. 



When the hole was filled, 2 thort stakes were driven beside the tree, one to the east, one to the west, 

 a piece of old garden hose about 4 inches long was split and encircled about the tree trunk. A soft stout 

 twine tied around the piece of hose and extending to each brace and back again, held the tree firm so 

 that no amount of wind could loosen the roots. We had the feeling that this work was too important 

 to trust to others, but soon found that Larry, Tony, and Dominique were doing as well as we could; in 

 fact, many of these men showed real talent for gardening. Tying was work that woman's hands could 

 do, so that was my portion. 



Grapes went in around the chicken yard, currants, gooseberries, and blackberries, rhubarb and 

 asparagus near them. There are but enough of these plants to supply a family's wants. To the north 

 of the orchard and along the eastern boundary, raspberries were placed, strawberries next them, leaving 

 a strip in a swale between them and the asparagus for the raising of late seedlings. 



By the time these were all in it was well into November, plowing continued in the pasture and the 

 Italians mounded earth about each orchard tree, making a rain shed and preventing sinkmg about the 

 tree trunk where ice and snow could settle, next they piled a manure mulch on this mound, leaving an 

 open circle about each trunk that mice and moles might not be harbored and eat the bark. Well we 

 knew it was late for setting out trees and bushes, but also we knew that the nurserymen take their stock 

 from the fields, and "heel" them in where they can get at them in the early spring for shipment. To 

 our minds, a tree well planted and carefully protected, mainly against heaving by freeze and thaw, 

 stood as good a chance or better than one "heeled in." Added to that, when planted the roots had a 

 chance to get settled and gain a foothold, so that when growing season started (below ground long 

 before above ground) their work went on, gaining just a year in their growth. All the rest of the stock 

 was mulched, while strawberries were covered with strawy compost after a fair freeze. 



The drive and paths were made accordmg to our sketch of the early season. First gravel and sand 

 from the cellar was spread and rolled with a kerosene barrel filled with stone, next a dressing of loam 

 and finally cinders were laid; for this rolling, the well-driver's drop weight was borrowed. The road 

 proved permanent, useful and sightly, weathenng both winter and summer well. 



The well being finished the erection of the tank tower and the placing of engine and pump claimed 

 attention. Stone for the concrete corner foundations of the tower had to be brought from the beach, 

 the entire farm having disclosed 4 stones, the largest 4 inches in diameter. A large hole was dug, filled 

 with boulders and cement, a square casing set above and the concrete poured in. The engine base was 

 made the same way and with even more scrupulous care, for we were particularly anxious the engine 

 should have a firm foundation. All this work was done by the well-driver and John, no experts or high- 

 priced men were on the work. The tower went up and waited weeks while "tracers" followed the tank 

 from Michigan here. If any manufacturer could delay the work we seemed destined to win the delay. 

 Dame Nature was always with us, helping in every conceivable way, but man — well, man is dead slow 

 and "bites ofT (in these strenuous days) more than he can chew," and often prefers not to keep his word, 

 while his contract is seldom lived up to. A carpenter and his boy next held sway, enclosing the tower, 

 and building a lean-to for the pump head. An engine does its best work when some distance from the 

 pump; well rods need raising for new cups and valves once in a while, therefore the pump was given a 

 lean-to with trap door in the roof for raising the rods. In the upper part of the main tower an office was 

 made by laying a floor and erecting the most amazing flight of stairs imaginable. The engine was set, 

 the pump head was placed and the carpenter and I "lined" the pulleys. "Pennsylvania millions" has 



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